Diabetes mellitus symptoms on the skin. Diabetes mellitus symptoms photo

Diabetic dermopathy often becomes one of the signs of development diabetes. As a result of insufficient production of insulin, skin problems arise in diabetes mellitus, almost all metabolic processes in the body are disrupted - carbohydrate, fat, protein.

In diabetes mellitus, the skin changes its structure, darkening of the skin is observed.

Approximately ninety percent of people with diabetes have various skin problems. Under normal conditions, the skin has a high level of elasticity, which is achieved due to the necessary water content in the cells of the body.

As a result of impaired water metabolism and rapid dehydration, the skin tissue in type 2 diabetes loses its elasticity, becomes rough and rough. What skin looks like in diabetes mellitus, photos of such disorders can be easily found in the specialized literature.

What changes occur in the body?

Almost all systems and organs are exposed to pathological changes that occur throughout the body as a result of the development of diabetes mellitus. Skin diseases are just one of the many emerging problems.

The main causes of skin lesions in diabetes mellitus are the following factors:

ongoing violations of metabolic processes;
accumulation in tissues and cells of products of improper metabolism;
development of skin disorders in diabetes;
decrease in the body's immunity;
the appearance of diabetes inflammatory processes in the follicles, epidermis and sweat glands.

As a result of exposure to all of the above factors, infection of the skin with various pathogenic microorganisms occurs. The photo shows how the skin looks like with diabetes.

Gradual changes in the skin in diabetes can be tracked as the disease progresses. After a certain period of time, constant itching and profuse peeling of the epidermis begins to appear, which can “fall off” in whole plates. If this process develops on the hairline, they begin from the constantly accompanying symptoms.

Spots of various sizes or severe rashes may appear on different parts of the body and face, which constantly itch and bring discomfort. Besides, significant changes the nail plates on the hands and feet are also exposed. They lose their original shape, become extremely thick and take on a yellowish tint.

In addition, areas of the body that are amenable to constant friction - palms and feet - can also bring a feeling of discomfort. First of all, there is a pronounced keratinization, the appearance of calluses and a change in the normal color to yellow.

The main changes that occur with the skin during the development of the disease are as follows:

dry and rough skin that is constantly thinning;
proliferation occurs nail plates;
there is a gradual callosity of the palms and feet on the legs;
the skin may acquire an unnatural yellow tint.

To date, there are three main groups of skin diseases that appear as a result of diabetes.

Primary pathological processes on the skin that occur as a result of changes in the vessels and metabolic disorders;

Secondary pathological processes, which are various infectious diseases, and arise as a result of a general decrease in immunity and the vital activity of various fungi and bacteria;

Skin diseases in diabetes, which occur as a manifestation of allergic reactions in response to taking various medications.

What skin diseases most often develop?

Sugar level

Skin lesions can manifest as a variety of rashes, plaques and blisters, which are affected by various factors external and internal character. These diseases include:

Pemphigus of the diabetic type. In its manifestation, it is very similar to sunburn and often affects the area of the shoulders, arms, and lower legs. Such a bubble or blister does not bring painful discomfort and, as a rule, quickly disappears.
Various rashes that are allergic in nature and appear as a result of the use of a large number of various medications, insect bites or food.
Granuloma annulare appears as a rash on the skin of red or brown shades. In some cases, granuloma is treated with steroids.

In addition, skin diseases in diabetes, which belong to the primary group, can appear in the form of:

If the disease is accompanied by the development of atherosclerosis, dry skin may occur, it becomes thinner and becomes pale. In addition, due to the disruption of normal blood flow, there are problems with the healing of even the smallest wounds, the appearance of infectious ulcers.
hypodystrophy of the diabetic type. With the development of this disease, redness and thinning of the skin is observed. As accompanying symptoms, itching, burning and pain in the affected areas may appear.
Diabetic dermatopathy is one of the most common skin diseases. As a rule, it affects the anterior parts of the lower leg in the form of small spots of red-brown color. Over time, such redness disappears and becomes a bright brown hue, while the area and structure of the spot changes.
Diabetic scleroderma. Basically, during the course of the disease, a finger or hand is affected, the skin tightens, and there are problems with the flexibility of the joints.

Various infectious skin lesions in diabetes are especially dangerous, as wounds do not heal well. Fungi and bacteria, getting into such areas, begin their negative impact. Often, as a result of their vital activity, wet ulcers can occur.

Regardless of what changes occur with the skin, it is necessary to immediately begin the correct treatment. In some cases, it is enough just to more carefully monitor the level of sugar, dietary nutrition and compliance with all hygiene rules.

The condition of the skin directly depends on the development of diabetes, which is why, if all the recommendations of the attending physician are followed, significant improvements can be achieved.

How are diseases treated?

Spots, darkening and other skin inflammations can occur in patients of any age (including children). One of the most important components of therapy is strict adherence to the diet. It is nutrition that will improve not only the condition of the skin, but also the general well-being of the patient.

The attending physician may recommend purchasing the necessary therapeutic ointments that have an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, it is necessary to regularly smear hands and other parts of the body with special vegetable oils or creams to soften keratinized skin.

If any spots appear or the skin begins to darken, you need to seek help from a medical specialist, because only the attending physician will help you choose the right care.

Treatment is also aimed at permanent protection from hot sunlight, strong winds or cold. protective equipment must be applied regularly to the skin to protect against burns, chapping or hypothermia.

It is believed that Dimexide has an excellent antifungal and antimicrobial effect. It is perfect for the development of any inflammatory processes on the skin. These diseases include furunculosis, purulent wounds, burns, thrombophlebitis and ulcers. That is why doctors often recommend the use of Dimexide in the presence of skin problems with diabetes. This drug promotes rapid healing of wounds, increases the body's resistance to low temperatures or radioactive radiation. In addition, Dimexide is one of the budgetary and affordable medicines.

In general, the treatment of candidiasis that has arisen should include the following specific measures.

Antimycotic type creams or ointments are used. The course of therapy is approximately five to seven days until the rash completely disappears.

If the disease affects large areas of the body, special solutions of anil dyes are used (they can be water-based or alcohol-based).

Medications are used that have a good antifungal effect. These are, first of all, Fluconazole and Ketoconazole.

These funds are affordable, but at the same time highly effective.

Preventive measures and traditional medicine recipes

Before treating skin problems, it is necessary to try to normalize all metabolic processes in the body. It is from the general improvement in the patient's condition that the development or elimination of skin diseases will depend.

It should be noted that one of the most important aspects in complex therapy is proper nutrition. This issue must be taken seriously, strictly adhering to the prescribed diet. Sometimes an incorrect measurement of the amount of food can lead to sudden spikes in sugar, which, in turn, will negatively affect the general condition of the patient.

use of personal care products without fragrances and with necessary level Ph, which do not dry out the skin and do not cause irritation, allergic reactions;
regularly monitor rough skin on the legs, using special products;
the skin of the feet, especially the areas between the toes, require gentle and thorough care. It is here that multiple bacteria and fungi can multiply.
do not self-medicate corns, cracks and other skin problems;
carefully observe personal hygiene;
in clothes, give preference to things made of natural fabrics that do not squeeze or rub the skin;
in the presence of wounds, it is necessary to immediately disinfect them, but do not stick them with a medical plaster;
if a rash or other skin problems appear, consult a doctor in a timely manner.

do not hot baths with the addition of oak bark or string;
wipe the inflamed areas with a medicinal decoction prepared on the basis of birch buds;
in the presence of rashes or other inflammations, you can wipe the skin with freshly cut aloe juice.

If itching of the skin occurs, you can prepare a healing decoction for external use to relieve the symptom that has arisen. To do this, you need to take dry peppermint leaves, St. John's wort and oak bark. Pour three tablespoons of the mixture with a glass of boiling water and leave to infuse for a while. Wipe the affected areas of the skin with warm infusion. The video in this article will show you what to do with diabetic feet.

Itching from diabetes mellitus on the entire surface of the body and burning is considered an unsurprising phenomenon; similar symptoms depicted in the photo often accompany this disease. With increased sugar, glucose settles in small blood vessels, as a result, microangiopathy may develop in diabetics. As a result, the work of the kidneys is disrupted and problems with vision appear.

The skin immediately reacts to the harmful process that occurs in the patient's blood, the skin quickly loses its elasticity and dries out, begins to actively peel off, due to a violation of the natural defense functions, elevated sugar provokes pruritus with diabetes.

Usually, with type 2 diabetes, the hands itch, itching appears in the lower extremities, genitals, throat, and ear. Itching and burning can be observed on the mucous membranes, dandruff often forms in men and women with diabetes, which causes the head to itch.

With diabetic itching, a diabetic often feels such signs of diabetes as burning, discomfort, skin integuments are tightened. Before treating itching in diabetes mellitus, it is important to find out the underlying cause of the development of the disease and eliminate it.

It is also required to normalize the level of glucose in the patient's blood.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of the endocrine system caused by an absolute or relative deficiency in the body of insulin, the hormone of the pancreas, resulting in hyperglycemia (a persistent increase in blood glucose).

The meaning of the word "diabetes" from the Greek language is "outflow". Therefore, the concept of "diabetes mellitus" means "losing sugar." In this case, the main symptom of the disease is displayed - the excretion of sugar in the urine.

In the world, about 10% of the population suffers from diabetes mellitus, however, if we take into account the hidden forms of the disease, this figure can be 3-4 times higher. It develops as a result of chronic insulin deficiency and is accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.

At least 25% of people with diabetes are unaware of their condition. They calmly go about their business, do not pay attention to the symptoms, and at this time, diabetes gradually destroys their body.

High blood sugar levels can cause dysfunction in almost all organs, up to and including death. The higher the blood sugar level, the more obvious the result of its action, which is expressed in:

obesity
glycosylation (saccharification) of cells;
intoxication of the body with damage to the nervous system;
damage to blood vessels;
the development of secondary diseases affecting the brain, heart, liver, lungs, organs
Gastrointestinal tract, muscles, skin, eyes;
manifestations of fainting, coma;
lethal outcome.

Conditions accelerating damage to the vascular wall have already been considered. They are known to the reader: physical exercise, stress, radiation, toxic substances, etc. But diabetes creates an additional specific lesion factor that spreads to all tissues of the body.

We are talking about an increased (2-3 times) concentration of glucose in the blood. The latter has an affinity for the polysaccharide membrane of cells.

To "soften" glucose or other sugars are included in strong drinks, such as vodka. Quickly covering the mucosa, glucose protects it from the burning effect of alcohol.

Glucose also behaves in the vessels, covering their walls. But what does this have to do with vascular damage? The most immediate.

It has already been considered that during external breathing, the vascular wall of the aorta is most affected. It is in the aorta that the “hot” excitation of free-radical oxidation in cell membranes is carried out most intensively by erythrocytes.

The smaller the vessel, the less affected the vascular wall.

But under the same conditions of respiration and circulation, everything changes as soon as the concentration of glucose in the blood increases. It literally shields the membranes of the cells lining the vessels and red blood cells.

The thickness of such insulating coatings on cells increases due to the addition of water molecules to glucose. Such formations are called hydrates.

Now let's imagine how a "hot" erythrocyte will function at an increased concentration of glucose. Having touched the wall of the aorta, a large artery, the erythrocyte cannot be discharged onto the endotheliocyte cell and set fire to the surfactant.

This is prevented by an increased glucose-hydrate layer acting as an insulator. The erythrocyte continues to move on, increasing the supply of oxygen and electronic potential.

It will take 2-4 times longer for an erythrocyte to reach the microvessels. It is in microvessels and capillaries that conditions are created for "hot" energy excitation.

Here, the speed of movement sharply decreases and the time of contact of the erythrocyte with the vascular wall increases. And the closest contact is in the capillary, where the erythrocyte acts like a piston in a cylinder.

It is here that the erythrocyte reaches its maximum electronic potential and is able, due to close contact with the vessel wall, to dump its charge on the endotheliocyte and set fire to its surfactant. The power of the flash, and therefore the electronic excitation of free radical oxidation in the membranes of the vessel endothelial cell, will be much higher here than is usually the case in the aorta.

Thus, at an increased concentration of glucose, the number of foci of powerful free radical oxidation sharply increases in microvessels and capillaries.

The consequences are predictable: damage to microvessels, sclerosis and tissue degradation. The power of these damaging processes is maximum. It is higher than during winter swimming, hardening with ice water, sports swimming. And this is confirmed by numerous observations.

But a person loves to create and fantasize. He is haunted by various ideas.

However, with such a "black box" as the body, experiments are dangerous. But from the standpoint of the new concept, their results are predictable.

A diabetic is like a kamikaze if he tries to run, work or exercise with shortness of breath or an elevated heart rate, chills or overheats. He should avoid bad habits, stress and, if possible, be "quieter than water and lower than grass."

Honey is a natural product. And not the refined fructose powder that is sold in stores.

People mostly associate fructose with fruits. But in fact, most of the fructose we get is not from fruits at all, but from a sugar substitute or sucrose, which are present in soft drinks, groceries, sweets and other products containing sugar substitutes.

Today, fructose is a mixture of two sugars: 55% fructose and 45% glucose. Due to the peculiarities of the synthesis process, industrial fructose is digested differently.

In diabetes, all organs of the human body are affected. At the same time, the body is gradually polluted with toxins, slags.

Against the background of violations of the endocrine system, various complications appear. One of them is itching of the skin and genitals, which most often worries women.

It is very difficult to get rid of it. Be careful and attentive, as itching for a long time may be the only sign of diabetes.

Causes of a rash

In case of failures in metabolic processes and accumulation in the tissues of products of improper metabolism in various systems and organs, including the skin, pathological changes occur. As a result, the function of the skin, sweat glands and follicles is disrupted.

Also, in patients, local immunity worsens, which is why the dermis is affected by pathogenic microbes. If the course of the disease is severe, then the skin becomes coarse, very flaky and lose their elasticity.

The symptoms of diabetes in women are very specific. The main manifestations include:

the smell of acetone from the mouth;
sharp weight loss;
skin diseases.

After the age of 40, diabetes can be manifested by menstrual irregularities, deterioration of the hair and nails, dizziness and constant weakness. Symptoms of the disease in women in their 50s are poor eyesight.

Signs of diabetes in men are thirst, frequent urination and problems with potency.

How to understand the difference between the insulin index of food and the glycemic index?

Everything is very simple. The glycemic index shows how quickly the carbohydrates contained in food enter the bloodstream.

The production of insulin depends on the level of sugar in the blood. If there is a big jump in sugar, then insulin is thrown into the blood “with a margin”.

But our body is designed in such a way that the production of insulin depends not only on the level of sugar in the blood. As it turns out, some foods “by themselves” cause an insulin surge.

That's why they introduced the concept of insulin index.

Types of skin diseases in diabetes

Due to the fact that diabetes mellitus has many different etiologies, signs, complications, and of course, the type of treatment, experts have created a fairly voluminous formula for classifying this disease. Consider the types, types and degrees of diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes, which is associated with an absolute deficiency of the hormone insulin, usually appears acutely, abruptly, quickly turns into a state of ketoacidosis, which can lead to ketoacidotic coma. Most often manifested in young people: as a rule, most of these patients are under thirty years old. Approximately 10-15% of the total number of diabetic patients suffer from this form of the disease.

It is almost impossible to completely recover from type 1 diabetes, although there are cases of restoration of pancreatic functions, but this is possible only under special conditions and natural raw food.

To maintain the body, it is required to inject insulin into the body with a syringe. Since insulin is destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract, taking insulin in the form of tablets is not possible. Insulin is administered with meals.

type 2 diabetes

The second type, previously called non-insulin dependent, but this definition is not accurate, since with the progression of this type, insulin replacement therapy may be required. In this type of disease, insulin levels initially remain normal or even higher than normal.

However, body cells, primarily adipocytes (fat cells), become insensitive to it, which leads to an increase in blood glucose levels.

In addition to the changes invisible to the eye that occur with the internal organs and mucous membranes inside the body, there are also external signs of diabetes on the skin, depending on the form, duration of the existence of the disease, the age of the patient, the success (or futility) of treatment expressed more or less significantly.

These are either complications in the form of purely skin manifestations (primary), or leading not only to skin damage, but also to the involvement of deep-lying structures in the process (secondary, attributed to the consequences of diabetes mellitus).

Despite the fact that it is difficult to judge the depth of the changes that have occurred in the body from pictures from the Internet, the very fact that they have already “splashed out” (on and under the skin) indicates their significance - and the need to adopt a new strategy - a system of measures curbing an out-of-control disease.

Skin changes in diabetes

In addition to exhausting the body with frequent powerful urination, the sweetness of urine (due to the presence of sugar in it), one of the first signs of diabetes is dehydration, manifested by unquenchable thirst and constant dryness in the mouth, despite frequent heavy drinking.

The presence of these symptoms is due to serious disorders of biochemical processes, as a result of which water seems to “flow through”, without lingering in the tissues.

One of the characteristic symptoms indicating high blood sugar is itching of the skin. Therefore, the patient often has fungal diseases and furunculosis. In women, the pathology is accompanied by severe irritation of the perineum.

How diabetes manifests itself in adults and children: characteristic signs

thirst weight loss excessive urine output (more than 2-3 liters per day) severe infections increased fatigue, inability to concentrate

The disease itself is a direct violation of metabolic processes. The reason for this is a lack of insulin formation in the body (type 1) or a violation of the effect of insulin on tissues (type 2).

Knowing how type 1 and type 2 diabetes manifests itself in adults can stop the course of the disease and get rid of it faster. The main thing is to take care of the pancreas, since it is this organ that is responsible for the production of insulin.

Special signs of diabetes in children

Children also have a susceptibility to illness. WITH early age prevention should be carried out. Knowing how diabetes manifests itself in adults, it is important to know about the childhood course of the disease. So, the child can gain weight, and height can also increase upwards. As for babies, the urine, drying up on the diaper, leaves a white mark behind.

Special signs of diabetes in women

Symptoms of the disease in women

With prolonged and persistent itching of the skin in the area of the genital intimate places, shoulder blades, buttocks, and the abdomen of a woman, a doctor can diagnose angiopathy, which is accompanied by damage to the smallest blood vessels - arterioles and capillaries.

Such a disease disrupts the blood supply to the mucous membranes, blocks the supply of vital nutrients to the body. internal organs. In the case of the progression of the disease, a woman has peeling and dry skin, microcracks are found on the skin and mucous membranes.

Local immune and protective functions also decrease, the acid-base balance of the skin changes, which negatively affects the general condition of the diabetic. Microcracks appear on dry and thinned shells, which intensifies the itching and burning. Fungi and pus-like organisms enter the wounds, which leads to the development of an inflammatory reaction.

Often, women with diabetes experience discomfort in the perineum, pubis, vulva and vagina. Including the disease causes itching in the ears, on the skin of the lower extremities, under the breasts, on the inner thigh, in the fatty folds with increased sweating, armpits, around the shoulder blades and below.
The body begins to itch as a result of a violation of the condition of the smallest blood vessels. Microangiopathy provokes a malfunction of the kidneys, resulting in the development of nephropathy. After a while, a person's vision may be impaired and retinopathy may develop.
As a rule, the skin is the first to react to such changes in the body. It begins to dry, peel off, itch, in this state it is not able to fully protect the subcutaneous tissue from the effects of pathogenic microorganisms.

Doctors prescribe complex treatment diabetes mellitus in order to maintain normal blood glucose levels. In this case, it is important to consider that neither hyperglycemia, that is, an increase in sugar levels, nor hypoglycemia, that is, its fall, should be allowed.

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to conduct an accurate diagnosis of the body, because. a positive prognosis of recovery depends on this.

Treatment for diabetes aims to:

lowering blood sugar levels;
normalization of metabolism;
prevention of complications of diabetes.

Treatment with insulin preparations

Insulin drugs for the treatment of diabetes are divided into 4 categories, according to the duration of action:

Ultrashort-acting (onset of action - after 15 minutes, duration of action - 3-4 hours): insulin LizPro, insulin aspart.
Rapid action (the onset of action is after 30 minutes–1 hour; the duration of action is 6–8 hours).
The average duration of action (the onset of action is after 1-2.5 hours, the duration of action is 14-20 hours).
Long-acting (onset of action - after 4 hours; duration of action up to 28 hours).

Insulin regimens are strictly individual and are selected for each patient by a diabetologist or endocrinologist.

The key to effective diabetes management is careful control of blood sugar levels. However, it is impossible to take laboratory tests several times a day. Portable glucometers come to the rescue, they are compact, easy to take with you and check the glucose level where it is needed.

Makes it easier to check the interface in Russian, marks before and after meals. The devices are extremely easy to use, while they differ in measurement accuracy. Keep your diabetes under control with a portable glucometer

The diet in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (table No. 9) is aimed at normalizing carbohydrate metabolism and preventing fat metabolism disorders.

The main principles of diet therapy include:

strictly individual selection of daily calorie content, complete exclusion of easily digestible carbohydrates;
strictly calculated content of physiological amounts of fats, proteins, vitamins and carbohydrates;
fractional meals with evenly distributed carbohydrates and calories.

In the diet used for diabetes, the ratio of carbohydrates, fats and proteins should be as close to physiological as possible:

50-60% of total calories should come from carbohydrates
25 - 30% for fats,
15 - 20% for proteins.

Also, the diet should contain at least 4 - 4.5 grams of carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight, 1 - 1.5 grams of protein and 0.75 - 1.5 grams of fat in a daily dosage.

Physical exercise

Regular exercise will help lower your blood sugar levels. In addition, physical activity will help you lose weight.

It is not necessary to do daily jogging or go to the gym, it is enough to do at least 30 minutes 3 times a week to do moderate physical activity. Walking daily will be very useful. Even if you work on your garden plot several days a week, this will have a positive effect on your well-being.

The development of diabetes in women in 70% of cases is accompanied by a violation of the menstrual cycle. This is manifested by unstable menstruation, which also changes its character - menstrual flow becomes scarce or, conversely, abundant.

At the same time, in the initial stages of the development of this disease, women experience rapid weight loss. This is due to insufficient production of insulin, which is necessary for the normal breakdown and absorption of food. Further, on the contrary, there is a sharp increase in body weight, since increased blood sugar provokes an increase in appetite, which is very difficult to satisfy.

All this is accompanied by:

fatigue;
thirst;
frequent urination;
blurry vision.

Important! The main sign of the development of this disease in women are severe vaginal infections, which are practically untreatable. With their development, it is necessary to pass various tests, including for diabetes mellitus.

Skin manifestations of diabetes mellitus are also often observed in women - certain areas of the skin become thickened, acquire dark shade, itchy and flaky.

In men, diabetes mellitus is also manifested by fatigue, increased sweating, frequent urination, increased appetite, unquenchable thirst, skin manifestations of the disease (itching, peeling, darkening of the skin, long non-healing wounds, etc.). But there are certain signs of the development of this disease, which are typical only for the stronger sex. This is a sharp baldness and a violation of potency.

Disorders of the reproductive organs are associated with limited blood flow to the small pelvis, which entails a sharp decrease in the synthesis of the male hormone testosterone. At the same time, men have a decrease in the body's defenses, which is why they, like women, become vulnerable to various infections.

Against this background, often men also have symptoms characteristic of prostatitis and prostate adenoma.

Weight loss (weight loss). The most common symptom of type 1 diabetes, which mostly affects women. With food, the body receives the calories necessary for normal life, but the amount of insulin released is not enough for splitting. As a result, rapid weight loss occurs - a signal that you need to see a doctor immediately.

Excess weight. In some cases, during pregnancy, the need of the female body for insulin exceeds the possibility of secretion. Such changes are practically not noticeable until the 2nd or 3rd trimester; a too rapid increase in the body weight of a pregnant woman can be a sign of gestational diabetes.

Thirst. Diabetic ketoacidosis causes uncontrolled thirst. However, even if you drink a large number of fluids, dry mouth remains.

1. The appearance of general weakness and fatigue, decreased performance.

2. Itching of the body, especially in the genital area.

3. Sexual disorders, inflammation, impotence.

4. Thirst, dry mouth and increased appetite.

5. Frequent urge to urinate, especially at night.

6. Long non-healing wounds.

7. Loss of teeth and severe baldness.

If in women the main symptoms of diabetes are itching and constant thirst, then in men a sure sign of an increase in blood sugar is a violation of potency. Due to the limited flow of blood to the genitals, the level of testosterone production decreases, and as a result, the potency decreases sharply.

Against the background of sexual disorders, other signs of diabetes mellitus in men begin to appear actively.

Stabilizes sugar levels for a long time
Restores the production of insulin by the pancreas

To learn more…

Symptoms of diabetes in women may develop in different ages. Therefore, in order to recognize the disease at an early stage, it is important to know its initial symptoms and be able to distinguish between its types. So, there are two main types of diabetes.

In the first form of the disease, there is a lack of insulin. Basically, the disease manifests itself sharply and acutely, often leading to the development of ketoacidotic coma.

The main signs of the disease

Characteristic signs of the development of diabetes are the following changes in the patient's condition:

increase/deterioration of appetite;
increase / decrease in body weight;
constant feeling of dryness in the mouth, unquenchable thirst;
frequent urination;
decreased libido;
looseness and bleeding of the gums;
weakness, decreased performance;
shortness of breath;
decrease in the level of vision;
periodic numbness and tingling in the lower extremities.

With diabetes, skin changes appear, that is:

wounds bleed for a long time and do not heal for a long time;
itching appears in various parts of the body;
black acanthosis develops, which is characterized by thickening and darkening of some parts of the body (most often in the neck and armpits).

Important! The main sign of the development of diabetes in men and women is an increase in the level of glycated hemoglobin, which is determined by laboratory blood tests.

Prediabetes is the line when there is no disease yet, but the amount of sugar in the blood on an empty stomach slightly exceeds the norm (the maximum norm is 5.5 mmol / l) and is 5.6 - 6.5. With an indicator of 7 mmol / l on an empty stomach, diabetes mellitus is diagnosed. Prediabetes is also detected during a glucose tolerance test. When glucose tolerance is impaired, they speak of the development of type 2 diabetes.

Excess weight

Obesity contributes to insulin insensitivity (resistance). The body's own insulin is needed to get glucose from the blood into the cells for nourishment. When overweight, blood glucose cannot be absorbed by cells, and an increased level of blood glucose leads to vascular damage.

Zenslim Diab will help you get a slim figure, rejuvenate and make your body healthier as a whole.

Insatiable appetite (especially for sweets)

Our brain is powered only by glucose. After eating, the concentration of glucose in the blood rises, but in diabetes, glucose does not enter the brain. Glucose goes to the construction of fats, obesity progresses. Obesity further increases insulin insensitivity. And the "starving" brain continues to force a person to eat more and more sweets.

The reason for the brutal appetite is hyperinsulinism (an excess of insulin in the body).

With hyperinsulinism, glucose is consumed very quickly, so the person constantly wants to eat.

Chronic fatigue

Fatigue for no apparent reason. You have hardly worked yet, but you already feel physical exhaustion. A year ago, you did not feel a similar burden.

Symptoms of Diabetes

The severity of symptoms depends entirely on the following parameters: the level of decrease in insulin secretion, the duration of the disease, the individual characteristics of the patient's body.

There is a complex of symptoms characteristic of both types of diabetes. The severity of the symptoms depends on the degree of decrease in insulin secretion, the duration of the disease and the individual characteristics of the patient:

Polyuria is an increased excretion of urine caused by an increase in the osmotic pressure of urine due to the glucose dissolved in it (normally, there is no glucose in the urine). It is manifested by frequent profuse urination, including at night.
Polydipsia (constant unquenchable thirst) - due to significant loss of water in the urine and an increase in the osmotic pressure of the blood.
Polyphagia is a constant insatiable hunger. This symptom is caused by a metabolic disorder in diabetes, namely the inability of cells to absorb and process glucose in the absence of insulin (starvation in abundance).
Weight loss (especially characteristic of type 1 diabetes) is a common symptom of diabetes that develops despite an increased appetite of patients. Weight loss (and even exhaustion) is due to increased catabolism of proteins and fats due to the exclusion of glucose from the energy metabolism of cells.

Symptoms of Diabetes in Children

The first signs of diabetes in women are dry skin and thirst.

7 signs of diabetes

Symptoms of Diabetes

Hidden diabetes mellitus, symptoms and signs

Symptoms to Avoid in Diabetes Patients

The disease proceeds differently in a child, in a female and male body. The first and main signs of diabetes mellitus in males are sexual dysfunction, which is caused by a problem with blood access to the pelvic organs, as well as the presence of ketone bodies that suppress testosterone production. In women, the main reason is the difficulty in secreting insulin from the pancreas.

It is also worth saying that the female sex can get diabetes due to pregnancy, vaginal infections, irregular cycles. As for children, the nature of diabetes in their case is based on the increased need of the child's body for sweets, a heightened desire to eat.

Signs of different types of diabetes

How to treat diabetes in adults?

Many diabetics wonder if diabetes can itch the body if insulin is not produced in the right amount. In the case of an increase in blood sugar, there is itching in the ears, with diabetes, the head, arms and legs itch, and ulcers appear on the genitals.

Before you get rid of the itching, you need to be examined by the attending physician, who performed the necessary tests, examines the patient, prescribes therapy with tablets and ointments, and also selects treatment with folk remedies if necessary.

Usually, if the body itches with diabetes or there is itching in the ears, the disease is treated by normalizing blood sugar levels, including the help of a healing cream that meets medical indications.

Therapy is carried out in several stages, depending on the characteristics of the disease.

Diabetes mellitus often entails many comorbidities. It leads to visual impairment, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, loss of pain and temperature sensitivity of the extremities, and other complications.

One of the most delicate and unpleasant complications is itchy skin in diabetes mellitus. It represents the need for constant mechanical irritation of the skin.

It is difficult for the patient to be in crowded places, as he may be disturbed by severe itching not only of the skin of the hands and feet, but also of the mucous membranes: genitals, anus. If treatment is not prescribed in time, then serious complications may develop, up to the amputation of the legs.

How medicinal plants affect blood glucose levels

In the treatment of diabetes, about two hundred types of medicinal plants can be used. They are rich in biologically active substances that reduce the content of glucose in the blood plasma.

The mechanism of action of these plants is not fully understood, but it is assumed that they have some alkalizing effect. In a slightly alkaline environment, glucose is converted into fructose and mannose, and insulin is not required for the absorption of these substances.

Some medicinal plants contribute to the restoration of pancreatic cells, which produce the hormone necessary for the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.

When using herbal medicines, in order to achieve a therapeutic effect, it will take a long time, since medicinal plants contain active substances in small quantities. Improvement against the background of herbal medicine is achieved about a month after a person begins to regularly take medicinal fees.

With a mild course of diabetes, with the help of diet therapy and phytotherapy, it is possible to achieve a state of compensation in which the glucose level is within the normal range. With moderate severity of the disease, medicinal plants are used simultaneously with hypoglycemic drugs or insulin.

First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the patient's sugar indicators, since only with its decrease can compensation for the underlying disease be achieved and the progression of complications of the disease be prevented. For this use:

diet therapy;
adequate physical activity;
drug treatment(insulin injections, oral antidiabetic drugs).

A rash in diabetes mellitus requires local therapy. Antibiotic ointments are used to combat infection, anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics (pain gels). Doctors also prescribe allergy medications to eliminate itching, burning and swelling that may accompany skin pathologies.

Complications

By itself, diabetes mellitus does not pose a threat to human life. Its complications and their consequences are dangerous. It is impossible not to mention some of them, which are either often encountered or pose an immediate danger to the life of the patient.

First of all, it should be noted the most acute forms of complications. For the life of every diabetic, such complications pose the greatest danger, because they can lead to death.

Acute complications include:

ketoacidosis;
hyperosmolar coma;
hypoglycemia;
lactic acid coma.

Acute complications during diabetes are identical in both children and adults

Chronic complications include the following:

encephalopathy in diabetic form;
skin lesions in the form of follicles and structural changes directly in the epidermis;
diabetic foot or hand syndrome;
nephropathy;
retinopathy.

Prevention of complications

Preventive measures include:

weight control - if the patient feels that he is gaining extra pounds, then you need to contact a nutritionist and get advice on compiling a rational menu;
constant physical activity - the attending physician will tell you how intense they should be;
constant monitoring of blood pressure.

Prevention of complications in diabetes mellitus is possible with constant treatment and careful monitoring of blood glucose levels.

Prevention of itching in diabetes

In order to prevent the development of skin diseases or quickly get rid of the rash at the first suspicious symptoms, you should follow certain rules. To reduce blood glucose levels and improve the general condition of the patient, they drink Jerusalem artichoke juice.

In addition, it is important to correct metabolic and endocrine disorders. Everything you need to do to boost your immune system and improve your health. This will protect the body from pathogenic effects.

Physiotherapy, sedative and suggestive therapy is very useful for a diabetic; each diabetic has the right to undergo this treatment as prescribed. An effective remedy It is considered an ointment for itching on the legs in diabetes, which includes corticosteroids. The same drug treats itching in the ears, on the hands and other problem areas.

With severe and frequent itching, antimycotic, antiviral and antibacterial therapy is carried out on the affected areas of the skin. This helps prevent the spread of infection and alleviates the patient's condition.

To prevent the formation of blood clots and bleeding in varicose veins and diabetes, heparin ointment is used, it is smeared on the legs below the knees.

For bacterial itching, if other remedies fail, antibiotics may be appropriate. If fistulas or malignant tumor-like formations are found in a diabetic, emergency surgical intervention is used.

The causes and treatment of itchy skin in diabetes are described in the video in this article.

To prevent the development of diabetes, the following preventive measures are required:

healthy eating: diet control, dieting - avoiding sugar and fatty foods reduces the risk of developing diabetes by 10-15%;
physical activity: normalize blood pressure, immunity and reduce weight;
control of sugar levels;
exclusion of stress.

If you have characteristic signs of diabetes, then be sure to go to an appointment with an endocrinologist, because. early treatment is the most effective. Take care of yourself and your health!

Skin conditions can occur when blood sugar levels are too high and are the first visible sign of diabetes.

It is estimated that one third of people with diabetes have diabetes-related skin conditions.

Treatments exist, but normalizing blood sugar levels is the most effective method of prevention and treatment.

How does type 2 diabetes affect skin health?

When blood sugar levels are too high for a long time, several changes occur in the body that affect skin health:

Blood sugar is excreted from the body through urine. Excess blood sugar increases the frequency of urination, which can cause dehydration and dry skin.

Leads to an inflammatory response that over time reduces or overstimulates immune responses.

Causes damage to nerves and blood vessels, reducing circulation. Poor blood flow changes the structure of the skin, especially collagen. Without healthy collagen networks, the skin becomes tough and, in some cases, extremely tender. Collagen is also essential for proper wound healing.

Skin conditions associated with type 2 diabetes

Several skin conditions are associated with high or uncontrolled blood sugar levels.

While most complications associated with diabetes are harmless, the symptoms of some can be painful, persistent, and require medical attention.

The best and most simple option The treatment for most diabetes-related skin conditions is to normalize blood sugar levels. In severe cases, oral steroids and ointments are used.

Common skin conditions associated with type 2 diabetes include the following:

Acantokeratoderma

The condition is characterized by darkening and thickening of the skin, especially in the groin, back of the neck, or underarms. Lesions can be a sign of prediabetes.

Acanthokeratoderma occurs in 74% of obese people with diabetes. Weight loss - The best way reduce the risk of developing the disease.

People with psoriasis develop scaly, itchy red patches on their skin. There are changes in the structure of the nails. Sometimes psoriasis develops psoriatic arthritis, accompanied by severe pain in the joints.

Treatment methods:

Doing healthy lifestyle life;
Creams and ointments of cortisone;
Blood sugar control;
Weight control;
Oral or injectable drugs.

People with type 2 diabetes are twice as likely to develop psoriasis.

Diabetic scleroderma

This condition is marked by thickening of the skin most often on the upper back and back of the neck. Scleroderma is a rare disease that usually affects people who are overweight.

Treatment includes:

oral medications such as cyclosporine;
Phototherapy.

Syndrome of limited joint mobility and amyloidosis

The disease is manifested by the formation of tight, thick skin on the hands and fingers. This can cause stiffness in the joints and damage to the tendons.

To prevent the development of this complication in people with diabetes, it is necessary to maintain normal blood sugar levels.

Diabetic pemphigus

This condition is almost always a sign of diabetes. Bubbles develop chaotically both on the arms and legs. The lesions range in size from 0.5 to 17 centimeters (cm), are painless, and occur singly or in clusters.

The only one effective method treatment - normal blood sugar levels.

In the presence of bullous formations, it is necessary to avoid opening the ulcer in order to avoid infection. Blisters usually heal without scarring, but if complications develop, surgery may be needed - amputation.

Diabetic dermopathy

This condition is marked by round reddish or light brown spots. The spots usually appear on the shins or other bony parts of the body and are notched and scaled.

39% of patients with type 2 diabetes develop diabetic dermopathy.

The cause of the disease is damage or changes in the nerves and blood vessels.

Spots that occur with diabetic dermopathy are safe and do not require treatment.

diabetic ulcers

Another complication of diabetes is diabetic ulcers. Diabetic ulcers can form anywhere on the body, but most often appear on the legs.

In 15% of cases, the disease develops into a diabetic foot.

Xanthelasma

Scaly formations of yellow color are formed. Usually appearing on and near the eyelids, this condition may be due to elevated levels of body fat or blood sugar.

Treatment for xanthelasma includes:

diet
lipid-lowering drugs.

xanthoma

The disease is accompanied by the formation of spots from reddish-brown to yellowish-orange, sometimes itchy.

Lesions form anywhere on the body, but most commonly appear on the thighs, buttocks, elbows, and knees.

soft fibroma

Soft bumps on the skin. They have skin color. Fibroids are extremely common in the general population. An excess of such formations signals an increased level of sugar in the blood.

Fibroids tend to form in areas such as armpits, neck, under the breast and in the folds of the groin.

Lipoid necrobiosis

The disease begins as small, hard bumps that progress to large, hard yellow or reddish-brown plaques.

The plaques are usually painless and the surrounding skin is pale and shiny. After the plaques have healed, scars may remain.

The periods of active and inactive plaque growth depend in part on blood sugar levels. If a person has progression of necrobiosis lipoidis, this is a sign that current diabetes treatments are not effective.

granuloma annulare

The disease is characterized by formations on the body in the form of a nodule. Has a reddish color. Granulomas most commonly occur on the hands, fingers, and forearms. Formations can be either single or multiple.

It is not yet clear to doctors whether diabetes is the cause of the granuloma or not. The lesions are harmless, although drugs are available to treat cases of persistent granulomas.

Skin diseases that are affected by type 2 diabetes

People with type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop severe bacterial and fungal infections and also tend to experience more frequent, severe allergic reactions.

Bacterial infections appear as inflamed, pus-filled, painful, red sores. The most common infections are caused by Staphyloccus bacteria. Antibiotics and proper blood sugar control are usually enough to prevent a bacterial infection from developing.

After a few days, the bacterial ulcer will secrete pus and then begin to heal. Sores that cannot clear themselves of pus on their own or are extremely sore must be opened with the help of a surgeon.

Common bacterial infections in people with type 2 diabetes:

Furunculosis - inflammation from 2 to 3 cm in size;
Barley on the eyes;
nail infections;
hair follicle infection;
Carbuncles.

Fungal infections usually cause red rashes bordered by scaly skin and sometimes small blisters.

Fungi require moisture to thrive, so infections tend to occur in warm, moist skin folds: between the fingers and toes, in the armpits, and in the groin.

When infections occur, treatment is required to avoid complications.

Other common infections associated with type 2 diabetes are caused by yeasts, such as thrush.

Athlete's foot is a common type of fungal infection that usually appears as either scaly patches between the toes, multiple blisters, or a powdery growth on the soles of the feet.

Athlete's foot is spread from person to person through shared shoes or in damp environments such as public showers.

Ringworm is another name for a fungal infection. Ringworm is not caused by worms, but gets its name from the ring rash that appears.

How to prevent complications

The best way to reduce your risk of skin disease is to keep your blood sugar levels normal.

diet, personal hygiene, physical exercise weight loss, and taking medications will help lower your blood sugar levels.

Skin Care Tips:

Avoid prolonged bathing or showering, as well as visiting the sauna.

Avoid cosmetics that dry or can irritate the skin. These are scented soaps, oils and bubble baths.

Use shampoos, conditioners and shower gels containing gentle ingredients.

Keep your skin clean and dry.

Moisturize your skin, avoid dryness.

Keep your toes and toes clean to prevent fungal growth.

Minimize the use of hygiene sprays.

Avoid scratching or rubbing infections, rashes, and sores.

Treat skin diseases immediately and control the healing process of the formations that have arisen.

People with diabetes should check their feet daily for skin changes, ulcers, and other growths. Comfortable shoes will help improve blood circulation and prevent or reduce exposure to other harmful factors.

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The skin is one of the first organs to respond to changes in carbohydrate metabolism. Due to the decrease in local immunity and the accumulation of metabolic products in the skin, the risk of developing various diseases increases. Most skin diseases are manifested by rashes.

The skin is one of the first to respond to a persistent increase in blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Violation of carbohydrate metabolism leads to the appearance and accumulation of atypical metabolic products that disrupt the activity of the sweat and sebaceous glands. Changes in the small vessels of the skin, polyangiopathy and disorders of the nervous regulation of vascular tone are combined in diabetes mellitus with problems of the immune system, both general and local. All these factors lead to the appearance of various skin diseases, itching, scratching and infection.

Skin change

The photo shows the state of the epidermis in diabetes mellitus. normal skin has a high turgor - elasticity. This is ensured by the normal water content in the cells. In diabetics, due to the fact that the fluid does not stay in the body and is excreted with sweat and urine at an accelerated pace, the skin tissue loses elasticity, becomes dry and rough, and this is felt when touched.

As the disease progresses, changes become pronounced. There is persistent skin itching, persistent, profuse peeling. The epidermis becomes thinner, peels off with whole plates, this is well shown in the photo. It is especially noticeable on the scalp, where peeling, itching are accompanied by increased hair loss, fading, dryness.

On the rest of the skin, spots of various sizes, colors, rashes may appear, which may be accompanied by severe itching. The areas of the skin that are subjected to friction are the soles and palms callused, the skin becomes rough, and can acquire a persistent yellow coloration. Any minor wound becomes problematic, does not heal for a long time.

A characteristic combination is in diabetes mellitus thinning of the skin with simultaneous hyperkeratosis (thickening) of the nail plates. Nails become several times thicker, turn yellow, change their shape - deform. How exactly it looks like is shown in the photo.

So, it can be argued that with diabetes, the skin undergoes the following changes:

becomes dry, rough;
becomes thinner;
nail hyperkeratosis develops - proliferation of nail plates;
areas of calluses appear on the soles, palms;
yellowing of the skin is observed.

However, all these problems become sustainable over time. There are the most characteristic skin manifestations by which one can suspect or observe the effectiveness of treatment in diabetes mellitus.

Skin diseases in diabetes

One of the tell-tale signs of the disease in diabetes mellitus is pruritus. It acquires a stubborn character, gives the patient significant difficulties, inconvenience in Everyday life. The patient combs itchy places: the anterior surface of the lower leg, inguinal region, thereby causing multiple damage to the epidermis (see photo). Such microcracks, scratching are difficult to treat, often become infected, take a chronic course.

All skin diseases that appear with diabetes can be divided into several large groups.

Associated with vascular changes, metabolic metabolic disorders. These are the so-called primary skin diseases in diabetes.
Skin infections: fungal and bacterial, which occur as secondary complications of epidermal damage.
All other diseases that are provoked by therapeutic drugs and procedures during the treatment of the underlying disease.

Primary diseases

Dermatopathy

This includes diabetic dermatopathy. It occurs very often in diabetes. Spots appear on the front surfaces of the legs. Painted in intense red Brown color, is significantly different from the rest of the skin. The spots have a clearly defined border, the color becomes steadily brown over time and the duration of the disease, and the structure of the most altered skin area also changes.

This is due to changes in the vessels in this area (shown in the photo). No special treatment is applied in this case. The condition is corrected by constantly maintaining the sugar level within normal limits.

Lipoid necrobiosis

It occurs infrequently compared with other dermatoses in diabetes. The severity or nature of the development of the rash does not directly depend on the level of sugar in the blood. It is more common in people with type 1 diabetes, which is insulin dependent.

It is characterized by the appearance of pinkish spots that are not elevated above the rest of the skin level, which have an elongated or rounded shape. In the center, the spots sunk slightly, closer to the edge they are raised, this is shown in the photo. Gradually, the central part of the spot atrophies, turns brown, and an ulcerative lesion may form.

These rashes are located on the front of the lower leg. Some subjective pain(itching, pain, peeling) is absent until the formation of ulcerative changes.

Treatment is based on drugs that normalize lipid metabolism (these include, for example, Lipostabil) and drugs that normalize and improve skin microcirculatory processes (Trental, Curantil).

Treatment is shown with the introduction directly to the site of the lesion of corticosteroid drugs, compresses and applicative dressings with a solution of Dimexide. With the active development of ulcerative changes, surgical treatment using laser technology is possible.

Itching of the skin in diabetes mellitus is the most characteristic, or as it is also called, a signal sign. A characteristic feature of this symptom is the absence of a direct correlation with the level of blood glucose and the intensity of the manifestation of itching, rashes. On the contrary, as diabetes mellitus develops, the relevance of itching fades into the background, patients note its greatest intensity at the onset of the disease.

Secondary Complications

Active combing, persistent injury to the skin with a simultaneous decrease in immunity, both general and local, sooner or later leads to the fact that minor lesions and wounds on the skin become infected with various microorganisms. Most often these are the causative agents of fungal diseases. The fact is that it is fungal microorganisms that actively multiply under conditions of a shift in the pH of human skin with diabetes. Ideal conditions are created for them:

violation of the pH of the skin;
proliferation of epithelial plates - peeling, hyperkeratosis;
profuse sweating leads to maceration - scuffs and diaper rash of the skin.

Fungal diseases in diabetes mellitus increase skin itching, are difficult to treat, leave spots of persistent pigmentation behind, rashes tend to grow and merge with each other, the photo shows candidiasis of the skin.

Treatment involves local treatment with antifungal ointments, aniline dyes (brilliant green, Castellani). In some cases, the doctor prescribes antimycotic drugs for oral administration.

Infection of skin rashes in people with diabetes is much more common than in people who do not suffer from such a disease. Itching leads to infection and serious complications. These include erysipelas, phlegmon, boils, carbuncles, paronychia and panaritium.

Conclusion

Successful treatment of skin diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus directly depends on the success of the treatment of the underlying disease, the patient's discipline while following the recommendations for correcting blood sugar and monitoring its level. Without these conditions effective treatment skin rashes and diseases in diabetics is very difficult.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects the entire human body. Unfortunately, the life of diabetics is complicated not only by the need for constant monitoring of blood sugar (glucose) levels, possible concomitant diseases of the eyes, kidneys, cardiovascular system, but also by various skin problems.

Patients with diabetes suffer from skin problems more than other people.

The main reason for these troubles is the ongoing changes in blood sugar levels. At high level blood sugar, the body loses a lot of fluid, which means that the skin is also dehydrated, making your skin dry.

The skin becomes thin, dry, begins to crack. Calluses and cracks appear on the soles and palms.

Especially many problems arise with uncompensated diabetes: pustules, scratches appear, wounds heal for a long time. On the hands and feet, fungal diseases easily arise and progress rapidly.

If a diabetic is overweight, then diaper rash often forms in the skin folds, which can lead to discomfort and irritation.

Skin care tips for diabetics.

In order to avoid these problems, you need to control your blood glucose levels and carefully follow the rules of skin care:

Use emollients cosmetical tools when the first signs of dry skin appear. Pay special attention to the legs: after washing, dry them well and apply moisturizing creams on the feet and lower legs, avoiding the area between the toes.
Don't believe the common misconception that if you have diabetes and cut yourself, your cut will take a long time to heal. If you control your blood sugar levels, your cuts and scrapes will take no longer to heal than those of non-diabetic people. But still, the wound must be treated immediately. Wash the cut with soap and water, dry gently, and apply a sterile gauze dressing. If your wound is still bothering you, see a doctor.
Do not use sharp objects, corn plasters, or harsh chemicals to get rid of corns. Treat callus areas regularly with a pumice stone in combination with urea-based emollient creams.
Use special products to prevent a fungal infection of the feet, especially between the toes. A cream containing antifungal components should be applied in a thin layer on the skin and the edge of the nail plate.
If small wounds, cracks, scratches appear, do not use alcohol-containing products to treat them. Microdamages can be treated with cosmetics containing natural antibacterial ingredients. If the damage does not heal, see a doctor immediately!
Ulcers can even occur from wearing uncomfortable shoes. If nerve damage is already present, you may not feel an ulcer, and therefore the risk of infection increases. Impaired blood circulation also reduces the ability of the immune system to fight infections. If you have an ulcer, then you should immediately visit a doctor, as the ulcer can quickly increase and there will be a so-called "diabetic foot". Also, an ulcer can form under a layer of dead skin, so you need to visit a doctor often, who will check the condition of your feet and remove dead layers.
For intimate hygiene use only specialized liquid soap with pH< 5,5 для поддержания физиологической микрофлоры кожи и слизистой интимной зоны.
If there are abrasions, irritations, diaper rash in the folds of the skin, do not use dry powder or baby powder. Rinse thoroughly and dry the irritated area, then apply a thin layer of talc cream.
Drink more water to hydrate your skin from within.
Shower and bathe in warm water, as hot water dries out the skin. Also try not to take bubble baths and rub it heavily with soap, as this also leads to loss. upper layers skin oil, which leads to flaking.
After a bath or shower, dry yourself thoroughly and check for any slight redness or flaking on your skin, as these require urgent attention.
when you wash your feet, make sure the water is not very hot and dry thoroughly between your toes, check your feet daily for inflammation, redness, blisters, calluses, etc.
if the skin of your feet has become dry, use various moisturizers or foot cream, but do not rub them between your fingers, as high humidity can also lead to infection, in no case try to cope with bone and corns yourself, show them to a doctor, if you have diabetes, then check your feet as carefully as you monitor your blood sugar levels.
Wear cotton underwear, as it, unlike synthetic, is breathable.
See a doctor if you are concerned about the condition of your skin.

Proper nutrition for diabetic skin.

And finally, about nutrition. Skin with diabetes must be properly nourished. It, like the state of all organs, is greatly influenced by what you eat. No cosmetics will affect the way nutrition does. Vitamins A and C are especially useful. Vitamin A stimulates the immune system, promotes wound healing, and also prevents premature aging.