Military uniform of gray color type of troops. New field uniform for Russian servicemen

In various media, there were reports of a new form, which will begin to provide the personnel of the army. Criticism of the clothing that military personnel are now equipped with has proved effective. And it doesn’t matter at all who developed the old models, it is important that they found in the uniform the reasons why soldiers and officers, soldiers, in the first place, were freezing and getting sick.

Russian Defense Minister General of the Army Sergei Shoigu approved the new models, pointing out a number of improvements. Now the field uniform is undergoing final tests in the troops. The terms and control standards for the purchase of new sets of uniforms have been determined (in 2013 - about 70 thousand).

In the new form, they again return to the old location of shoulder straps - on the shoulders, although this is not the most important, but still, when one of them is on the stomach (for delicacy it was written - on the chest), it is not very clear and aesthetically pleasing. The set of field uniforms will include three pairs of shoes, among which there will even be winter boots with high berets, designed for temperatures up to 40 degrees below zero.

Basic field uniforms

It is alleged, and I really want to believe in this, that the refinement of the form was carried out thoughtfully and carefully. Depending on the activity of the soldier, it will change. For field exercises in training centers and training grounds - one set, for classroom exercises - another. Separate kits are provided taking into account weather conditions and the type of activity (specialty): the functionality of various elements of uniforms is also different.

As an example, it is given that a set of uniforms for special forces, worth 160 - 190 thousand rubles, consists of 68 items. For soldiers and officers of motorized rifle units, the equipment is less and its cost is planned to be about 45 thousand rubles. Some elements of uniforms have seven layers. The fabrics used for sewing field uniforms should prevent the effect of temperature changes on the serviceman and play a protective role.

Photo of field uniforms

High-quality military clothing is the key to high combat effectiveness of the army. The modern Russian military uniform meets all the requirements: it is comfortable, reliable and functional. A new military uniform was released in our country in 2018, and now every soldier of the armed forces is equipped with it.

Military uniform clothes are divided into three main types:

• Front - used during ceremonial events (at parades, during military holidays, at ceremonies for receiving military awards, etc.);
• Field - used during hostilities, service, providing assistance to civilians during natural disasters, etc .;
• Office - used in cases not related to the first two categories.

Global reform of the form of the Russian army

The modern history of Russia has several unsuccessful attempts to change the uniforms of military personnel. While in our country a lot of money was spent on unsuccessful experiments, in the US Army, military clothing became more comfortable, its performance characteristics increased, and innovative materials were used in the production of clothing.

The modern military uniform began its journey in 2007, when Anatoly Serdyukov held the post of Minister of Defense. It was then that a large-scale sketch competition was organized, in which thousands of designers from all over the country took part. The Ministry of Defense awarded the victory to the famous designer Valentin Yudashkin.

For the next two years, specialists were engaged in the development of final versions of a new army uniform, intended for further equipment of the Russian army. The result was a set of clothes, in many ways similar to American uniforms. The developers did not agree with this opinion, although many factors spoke precisely in favor of this comparison.

Winter military uniforms caused particular dissatisfaction. She did not protect the soldiers from the cold. For this reason, the Ministry of Defense received many complaints every day about the inadequate quality of the winter kit. This led to an outbreak of colds among the military. Claims were also appearance Uniforms: some stylistic decisions were copied from the sets of other countries. The stumbling block was the quality of the fabric and threads: new military clothing quickly fell into disrepair.

Negative reviews, dissatisfaction with soldiers and army specialists made the Ministry of Defense think about changing the equipment. The decision to take American clothes as a basis was erroneous, such suits did not fit the conditions of our country. A new set of military uniforms, developed subsequently, consisted of 19 parts. The approximate cost of one set is 35 thousand rubles. The parade version did not suffer any special changes, since it is the field uniform that is of particular importance.

New field military uniform of the RF Armed Forces

The first change that caught your eye was the change in the location of the shoulder straps on the uniform. In 2010, the "NATO" version was proposed, shoulder straps in it were located on the "belly". Many servicemen did not like this, as they were "used to seeing epaulettes on their shoulders." Chevrons on the uniform are located on both sleeves. The addition was the appearance of fitted overcoats, quickly fastened elements of clothing with Velcro. For the first time in history, Russian officers received warm sweaters. It was not possible to completely replace footcloths and boots.

Valentin Yudashkin was blamed for the failed project of a new military suit. In 2012, he spoke to reporters and stated that the clothes adopted for use are very different from his version. In particular, in order to reduce the cost, materials were replaced with lower quality ones. Journalists came to the conclusion that only the appearance remained from the version of the fashion designer.

The new generation military uniform was developed based on the feedback of thousands of soldiers from all over the country. The shape of the sun has become multi-layered. This allows each soldier to independently choose the necessary elements of clothing, guided by the goals and objectives set for him, as well as weather conditions.

The modified VKPO kit includes a basic suit, several types of jackets, boots for different seasons and much more, including a balaclava, a synthetic belt and quality socks. Tailoring of military uniforms is carried out from a blended fabric, which includes 65% cotton and 35% polymer materials.

Russian military clothing of the new model was in every soldier at the end of 2018, as previously planned by the Ministry of Defense. The change of equipment took place in three stages. In 2013, 100,000 new kits were issued, in 2014 - 400,000, and in 2018 - 500,000. For 3 years, a million military personnel were provided.

The complete rejection of footcloths deserves special attention. Modern military uniforms include 12 pairs of socks for one soldier, which he wears for a year. In the near future, it is planned to increase the number of pairs per military man to 24 pieces.

VKPO sets for wearing at different atmospheric temperatures

The military uniform of the new sample is presented in two sets:

• Basic uniform for wearing at temperatures above +15 degrees Celsius;
• Multi-layer system for wearing at temperatures from +15 to -40 degrees Celsius.

In winter, soldiers wear lightweight or fleece underwear sets. They are selected depending on the air temperature. In particularly cold areas, both sets of underwear can be worn one on top of the other.

For equipment in the summer season, trousers, a jacket, a beret and boots are used. The surface of the garment is carefully treated with an innovative solution that repels moisture. It allows clothes to stay dry in the rain for up to two hours. For protection against mechanical influences, military clothing is equipped with reinforcing elements. Such kits are used in parts with a high degree of load.

The rules for wearing military uniforms allow the use of a fleece jacket in the autumn season: excellent thermal insulation is ensured by the pile with which it is covered on both sides. From strong winds, a windbreaker jacket is worn with trousers of the fifth layer.

For the autumn period, a demi-season military suit is intended. The material from which it is made provides reliable protection against wind, a good degree of vapor permeability and dries quickly after getting wet. During heavy rains, it is permissible to use a wind and water protection kit. The membrane and reliable sizing of the layers provide reliable protection against moisture.

In winter, a warm jacket and vest are worn, which protect against moisture and wind. Despite the high degree of protection against frost, they are light and practical. For very low temperatures, a warm hat and balaclava are provided.

Modern full dress military uniform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

The design basis of the dress uniform has not changed for many years, as it still meets modern requirements and at the same time pays tribute to history. Only some elements have been replaced in recent years due to their obsolescence. Dress uniforms are worn at parades, holidays, when receiving military awards, etc.

In the Russian army, there are three approaches to the formation of such a set of uniforms:

• Traditional. Clothing sets include elements created back in the 19th century. A good example is the ceremonial set of the Presidential Regiment of the Russian Federation - their costumes are identical to the uniform of the Imperial Guard, adopted in 1907;
• Modern. The cut of the dress uniform corresponds to the daily set, the same colors can be used. For example, in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the color of the ceremonial tunic matches the everyday one. Everyday elements are complemented by ceremonial elements;
• Universal. The color of the ceremonial suit may be the same as the everyday one, but the colors of the ceremonial elements must be different without fail.

The parade uniform in strict order must comply with the following standards:

• The stylist of the military uniform of the military personnel of the Russian Army must be observed;
• A military dress for parade purposes should be strict and elegant;
• In production, only high-quality materials should be used.

Changes to the design of the dress uniform are rarely made, its main style is determined by history. Various optional items may change each year. A change in the materials used in production is only permissible if it improves the quality and performance of the suit.

Noteworthy is the general's ceremonial attire. It is also similar to a casual suit, but has a different color scheme. The color of the dress uniform is gray, worn with bluish trousers and black boots. There are patches on the collar and cuffs.

Everyday uniform of military personnel

The color of the daily uniform depends on the rank and affiliation. Military clothing of the Russian army of everyday type for generals and officers is olive in color, in the Air Force - blue. Caps match the color of the outfit. The color scheme was based on the 1988 pattern. The decorative elements on the caps are painted gold. Men's winter clothes have not changed since the last reform.

Girls in military uniform can now feel comfortable. Dresses and skirts fit the body comfortably, emphasizing feminine beauty. Women's military clothing - olive or blue. In the winter season, a short, fitted coat is used. Female sergeants and enlisted men wear olive everyday uniform. In the warm season, there should be a cap on the head, in winter - an astrakhan beret introduced by the latest reform.

Sergeants, soldiers and cadets of everyday uniforms are deprived due to uselessness. Alternatively, they are encouraged to wear winter or summer field gear.

The military uniform of this type in the winter period of the year provides for a gray coat for military personnel (blue for the Air Force and Airborne Forces). For the autumn period, a blue demi-season jacket is provided, for rains in the summer season - an elongated raincoat that does not allow moisture to pass through. Black coloring for additional items of clothing (belt, boots and socks).

Modern office uniform of the Russian army

Such a set of clothes is a kind of everyday wear, used by generals, officers and employees of the Ministry of Defense of certain ranks. A military suit of this kind resembles the everyday clothes of the Ministry of Emergencies. The kit includes:

• Soft cap. All military units Green colour, units of the Airborne Forces were left with a blue beret;
• Cap-colored shirt with long or short sleeve(selection depends on the weather). Velcro straps can be attached to the shoulders, a tie is not applicable;
• White T-shirt (worn under the shirt);
• Cap-colored trousers and straight-cut shirts.

In the cold season with an office uniform, the use of a warm jacket is acceptable. It is possible to attach an additional hood. The cap can be replaced with a warm hat with earflaps. Velcro straps are attached to the shoulders of the costume.

Each year, the office uniform undergoes minor changes. These include the introduction and abolition of various costume sewing, changing the shape of insignia, etc. It is forbidden to use an office suit as a field suit. Care and rules for wearing military uniforms

The rules for wearing military uniforms are regulated by order 1500 - the suit must always be clean. To keep it that way, you need to know about some of the intricacies of caring for it. Improper washing or drying can spoil the appearance, which will lead to official troubles. Before cleaning clothes, read the information on the label.

Woolen clothes are recommended to be washed by hand in warm water. If this is not possible, then you can use the washing machine, but the washing mode should be the most gentle. Military clothing sizes can become smaller if washed with hot water. Wringing wool products is prohibited.

Everyday military equipment is less whimsical to care for. It can be washed in washing machine in any mode with any washing powder. In addition, a casual suit is able to withstand water of any temperature.

It is not recommended to clean a beautiful dress uniform at home. This process is best entrusted to professionals in the dry cleaning service.

The new Russian military clothing, put into service in 2018, surpasses the previous generation in all respects. This became possible after the refusal to copy the American design, unsuitable for the climatic conditions of our country. The military uniform of the Russian Federation is considered one of the best in the world.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them.

Military uniforms - field, everyday and ceremonial uniforms - are always regulated by the relevant decrees of the Ministry of Defense. However, there are formations of Special Forces in the law enforcement agencies of ministries and departments that are not related to the Russian Armed Forces, which perform specific tasks, for which they use a very wide range of military and universal uniforms.

Classification of special forces units

The existing special forces units in Russia belong to different departments. In the armed forces of the Russian Federation there are such formations of Special Forces:

• SV (ground forces) - brigades of the DSHB and the regiment of the DSHP;
• GU - 25 regiment and brigades;
• MO - the center of Senezh;
• GRU - detachments of the PDSS reconnaissance points Sailing (Baltic Fleet), Tuapse (Black Sea Fleet), Zverosovkhoz (Northern Fleet) and about. Russian / Dzhigit Bay (Pacific Fleet);
• Airborne - 45th Guards Brigade (Kubinka);
• Navy - detachments of the Caspian Flotilla, the Black Sea, Baltic, Pacific and Northern Fleets.

The special services of the Russian Federation also have special forces units:

• FSB - departments for supporting operational activities, regional departments and services, departments A (Alpha), B (Vympel) and C;
• Border Guard Service of the FSB - regional services and departments, DShM of border detachments, special intelligence groups of the OGSpR;
• SVR - detachment Zaslon;
• Ministry of Internal Affairs - Thunder detachment;
• Troops of the National Guard - instead of internal troops, detachments of Wolverine (Krasnoyarsk-26), Rus (Simferopol), Skif (Grozny), Peresvet (Moscow), Svyatogor (Stavropol), Bulat (Ufa), Ratnik (Arkhangelsk), Kuzbass (Kemerovo) were created , Bars (Kazan), Mercury (Smolensk), Mechel (Chelyabinsk), Typhoon (Khabarovsk), Ermak (Novosibirsk), Edelweiss (Minvody), Vyatich (Armavir), Ural (Nizhny Tagil), Rosich (Novocherkassk), 604 CSN;
• Russian Guard - SOBR and OMON combat units;
• FSIN - republican departments Saturn (Moscow), Rossy (Sverdlovsk), Typhoon (Leningrad region), Iceberg (Murmansk), guard (Chuvashia), Shark (Krasnodar), Hawk (Mari El), Volcano (Kabardino-Balkaria);
• Ministry of Emergency Situations - Center of Special Risk Leader;
• Federal State Unitary Enterprise Svyaz-Safety - Mars department.

Some of the above special forces units belong to the military, that is, by default, they are equipped with military personnel. The other is departmental, that is, it employs employees who are assigned special ranks, and not military ones. The two largest ministries of the Russian Federation include both of them:

• Ministry of Internal Affairs - the special forces of the National Guard are staffed by military personnel, OMON and SOBR are not military formations;
• FSB - special forces of the border troops and departments A, B and C, respectively.

Formations of special forces perform combat missions in settlements and forests, under water and in the air, so field uniforms, ammunition and weapons are very different. A presidential decree in 2005 prohibited the use of insignia and military uniforms in security units of the FSB, the Federal Drug Control Service, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Penitentiary Service, the PPS and other departments that were not formed from military personnel.

These highly mobile units go on combat missions, carry out guard duty and learn skills in various forms.

military special forces

When passing urgent, extra-long or contract service as part of special forces, a soldier is obliged to comply with the rules for wearing uniforms and insignia. The state provides formations of Special Forces with VKBO sets (all-weather set of basic uniforms) of 19 items of clothing. Self-assembly from VKBO elements is allowed, depending on combat and training tasks and weather conditions.

Any "camouflage", "body armor" and "unloading" of a third-party manufacturer that does not meet the requirements of the charter is considered a violation of the dress code. However, the Special Forces are considered the elite of the RF Armed Forces, commanders may allow the use of more comfortable clothing, for example, American or European special forces.

Special forces of combat swimmers actually arose during the Second World War, however, the units were so secret that field and casual clothes were altered by their employees independently from the most suitable form various branches of the military.

In 1974, during the formation of the famous Alpha (Group A of the KGB of the USSR for the fight against terror), working in a less secret mode, the problem of equipment also arose, so the officers wore blue jackets and suits for pilots and technical workers, which turned out to be the most convenient for their tasks.

When a limited contingent of troops was sent to Afghanistan in 1979, the special forces field uniform for the hot climate and mountainous terrain was urgently developed on the model of the uniform of the troops of the President of the Congo, Colonel Mabuta, the suit was sewn according to GOST 17 6290 from raincoat fabric with water-repellent impregnation.

Officially, "Mabuta", "jump suit" or "sand" was the uniform of "Alpha", GRU units and the newly formed Vympel department, in fact, paratroopers and infantrymen bought it for cash with the permission of their commanders for everyday wear.

The modern form of Russian special forces is convenient and functional, but there are Western counterparts that surpass it in some properties / qualities. For example, until recently, a protective helmet did not have devices for fixing a tactical flashlight, night vision device and other devices. The colors and patterns of some camouflage fabrics and the style of American and European manufacturers better suited to specific conditions on the ground.

Rules for wearing uniforms by military personnel of the Russian Federation

In 2015, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation signed a decree number 300 on the rules for wearing military uniforms. The last changes were made to it in 2017, but before that, significant adjustments were made three times:

• 1997 - symbols were added, wearing rules were introduced;
• 2008 - simplified dress uniform, improved field uniforms;
• 2011 - partial return to the form of the USSR, development of the VKBO.

Until 2008, the equipment of the special forces of the armed forces and departments not related to the armed forces was almost identical. Moreover, the uniform of the guard almost completely copied the uniforms of the elite units participating in the hostilities, therefore, in these formations and organizations, military symbols and army uniforms were prohibited.

VKBO kit

In 2011, a new uniform was developed for general purpose units and special forces units. The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation acted as the customer of the project, the domestic holding of light industry BTK Group became the executor. An integrated scientific approach was used, so the design bureau included:

• University of Technology and Design St. Petersburg;
• Naval Engineering Institute GOU VPO;
• Institute of Medicine RAMS.

A ready-made set of VKBO was tested in 8 military units for 3 months in 2012 in different regions of the country - the south of the Russian Federation, the Trans-Urals, the Central Region, the Arctic. The customer put forward the requirements:

• anti-slip surface of shoe soles;
• petrol and oil resistance of the upper part of the shoe;
• ergonomics of each element;
• durability, compactness, low weight;
• camouflage properties (camouflage);
• protection from adverse conditions;
• provision and possibility of regulation of heat balance;
• moisture removal at any level of physical activity.

The final set of VKBO consists of 3 pairs of shoes and 20 items that provide the effect of layering. In other words, each next layer is worn over the previous underwear to achieve a comfortable thermal balance in all weather conditions and climatic zones in different seasons of the year.

The delivery schedule was carried out in stages from 2013 to 2015. The transition from the existing uniform to the new uniform took place gradually. Part of the personnel dressed in the VKBO, at the same time the uniforms of the old type were worn out.

The form is considered everyday and field, so the summer kit is designed for indoors all year round and outdoors at an air temperature of +15 degrees. The winter set is effective for temperatures from -40 degrees to +15 degrees. Three pairs of shoes are designed to be worn in the temperature ranges of -40 - -10 degrees, -10 - + 15 degrees and above + 15 degrees. Transported and stored unused this moment clothes in a special bag-bag.

1. moisture-wicking underwear short (T-shirt and shorts) made of 100% polyester or long (underpants with a codpiece, sweatshirt with a round neck, long sleeve, adjacent silhouette);
2. long-sleeve fleece underwear (zip to the middle of the chest, chin guard, hole for thumb) and underpants (selective bouffant, elastic band inside the belt) made of 7% elastane and 93% polyester;
3. fleece jacket (100% polyester) ;
4. windbreaker (2% elastane and 98% polyester), "figure" camouflage, worn with trousers of the next level, drawstring at the bottom with clamps, ventilation valves in the pockets, water-repellent finish;
5. demi-season suit (1% elastane, 99% polyamide) made of trousers with removable suspenders, the seat area and knees are reinforced with high-strength pads, side seams with zippers, and jackets with a two-way zipper, hood, front pockets, stand-up collar, pads on the elbows;
6. windproof suit (PTFE membrane inside 100% polyamide) made of jacket and trousers, overlays, double valve, hood, waterproof zippers, side seams of trousers with zippers;
7. insulated vest (100% polyamide and PTFE membrane), one inner pocket is tightened with a cord, the second is closed with a zipper, front outer patch pockets, windproof placket with hidden buttons;
8. insulated suit (polyamide 100%), hood adjustable to the face, pockets in the sleeves, reinforced lining, fixators for mittens, bottom of the trousers with elastic bands, top to the middle of the thighs with zippers.

Fleece underwear weighs 516 g, regular 281 g (extended), insulated suit 2.3 kg. Summer suit(camouflage "figure") has an increased content of cotton (65%). The thread is reinforced using rip-stop technology, the fabric is practically not torn. For him, a headdress is provided - a cap. The second cap is worn with a demi-season suit. The scarf is made in the shape of a bib, adjustable in volume.

Universal balaclava hat made of 30% polyamide and 70% wool transformable. The insulated hat with two elongated flaps allows wearing in several positions. Winter socks made of wool with the addition of polyamide. On the mittens there is a removable insulation, fasteners for the sleeves of the jacket. Five-fingered black woolen gloves.

However, the basic kit does not provide 100% equipment for solving combat missions of special forces, so special forces units use additional funds, ammunition, and weapons. For example, bulletproof vests, unloading vests, camouflage suits, wetsuits, jump suits for parachutists.

Casual dress code

Unlike the rapid reaction forces, special forces plan operations in advance, so the daily routines are traditionally:

• classroom training (theory, tactics);
• guard duty;
• rest and personal time.

Thus, the army special forces use the sets of the new VKBO, which are quite sufficient for these tasks. For training in special disciplines, a field uniform is used - camouflage suits, bulletproof vests, wetsuits, jumpsuits.

Field uniform

Due to the special status of special forces, they solve very different tasks:

• sabotage and anti-terrorist activities;
• intelligence and counterintelligence;
• ensuring the security of their own unit and the elimination of enemy structures of the same name;
• organization of riots on the territory of the enemy and the fight against them in their own regions;
• protection of objects/persons and their physical destruction.

The field black uniform of the riot police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs or the FSB provides visual control - friend / foe, demoralizes the enemy, and the diving suit of the PDSS GRU naval combat swimmer provides covert penetration under water. The “Izlom” camouflage is good for moving through the forest as part of a group, and the “Leshy” camouflage suit is used by a sniper in a long-term firing position.

Ceremonial uniforms

It is much easier to understand the dress uniform of military personnel and employees of Special Forces units:

• they belong to certain types of troops;
• ceremonial uniforms are used on dismissal, at a solemn event or during vacation, that is, at events not related to combat missions.

Special forces soldiers are dressed in accordance with the rules for wearing military uniforms.

Airborne

Usually, the demobilization uniform of the special forces is decorated with an aiguillette and numerous edgings of the elements of full dress. In fact, the aiguillette is an element of the dress uniform for especially ceremonial occasions according to Decree No. 300 of 2015 of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

The ceremonial uniform of an officer of the special forces of the Airborne Forces includes:

• tunic trousers and a cap made of blue (sea wave) wool;
• a vest with blue stripes instead of a white military shirt;
• ceremonial golden belt;
• black boots with high berets;
• blue beret or cap.

in winter landing troops dress in the same uniform, and over it is a casual warm blue jacket and black gloves. Instead of a beret / cap, a fur hat with earflaps or a cap can be used.

Soldiers, sergeants and cadets wear a blue beret, berets, a vest and a casual suit in the summer.

Navy

The uniform of the special forces belonging to the Navy is completely identical to the uniform of the special forces of the airborne forces. Since the rules for wearing full dress clearly state that all special forces, regardless of belonging to a particular branch of the military, receive the right to wear a blue vest and berets. The beret has the color of the military branch.

PS FSB (border service)

The tunic of an FSB officer does not differ from the uniform of a serviceman - three buttons, aquamarine, fitted. The epaulets of departments A, B and C have a cornflower blue edging on a silver or gold field, the border service has a green edging. The parade military uniform is completed with boots or boots (for formation), a golden belt. The color of the overcoat is gray-steel, it fastens with 6 buttons.

Special Forces of the National Guard Troops (maroon berets)

A distinctive element of the parade uniform of the special forces of the former Internal Troops, preserved after they were renamed the National Guard, is the headdress. The maroon beret appeared in 1978, until 1989 it remained a non-statutory element of the uniform, to which senior officers turned a blind eye. The qualification test for the right to wear it was legalized only in 1993.

Simultaneously with the maroon beret of the special forces of the explosives, vests with stripes of a similar color appeared by analogy with the airborne forces and the marines (blue and black vests in the color of the berets of these military branches, respectively).

PDSS and MRP GRU (combat swimmers)

PDSS units were created to identify and eliminate enemy underwater saboteurs. However, in order to effectively combat them, combat swimmers are included (the same saboteurs, but their own). In addition, there are separate formations in each fleet for highly specialized tasks, for example, protecting the water area and ships inside it under water or organizing sabotage.

These formations of the Russian special forces are considered the most secret so far. In the days of the USSR, they were provided with regular uniforms for privates and sergeants of the home fleet. They went on vacation in it and went on vacation, they never participated in parades.

The situation is currently being maintained. The parade uniform of the MRP and PDSS detachments is completely identical to the uniform of the Navy.

Clothing for especially hot regions

Dress uniform for hot regions in the Russian army is not provided. But for the Russian soldier there is a special everyday uniform from the manufacturer BTK Group of 8 items:

• socks;
• T-shirt;
• baseball cap;
• Panama;
• shorts;
• trousers;
• jacket.

It is this uniform that units of the MTR of the RF Armed Forces wear in Syria. All clothes are sand-colored without camouflage patterns.

female form

In the formations of the Special Forces, women's casual and field clothing has special sizes. The shirt-tunic is completed with a large number of pockets. The dress uniform is distinguished by the presence of a blouse and skirt made of wool instead of a men's tunic and trousers. Berets, berets and vests are preserved in full for special forces, which the Russian army has.

Special forces of law enforcement agencies and ministries

After 2008, in the form of Special Forces, staffed by non-military personnel, differences from army uniforms are used. This was done on purpose to avoid confusion. However, before the renaming internal troops The Ministry of Internal Affairs received the right to wear a maroon beret and vest.

By default, employees use the full dress police uniform (MVD) or similar uniforms of their own department (FSB, FSIN). In most cases, a domestic VKBO kit is used as a daily uniform. The field uniform corresponds to the tasks of the units, differs significantly from the army uniform.

For example, the formations of the Special Forces of the FSB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs use a black uniform.

Regular uniform

By analogy with the army, in 2011 the last edition of the Rules for wearing uniforms of the Ministry of Internal Affairs took place, so the “parade” of the special forces practically does not differ from the uniform of the teaching staff. The main nuances are:

• even at ceremonial events, OMON is allowed gray camouflage, and SOBR is allowed a black summer suit;
• instead of an army field uniform, there is an analogue - uniforms for performing service and operational special tasks;
• instead of a jacket, the suit set may include a “Gorka” (mountain suit) of anorak style (put on over the head) or a single-breasted jacket with a zipper;
• by analogy with the airborne troops, a beret is provided, only green or black.

Unlike the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the uniform of the GRU special forces is subject to the rules of wearing the Ministry of Defense, that is, by default it is army.

Individual uniform and ammunition

If secretive operations are typical for army special forces, police special forces more often confront armed formations “face to face”, therefore the cut of the clothes of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB, its protective characteristics are often unsatisfactory when using a regular set. Uniforms of American and European production are being purchased, including by the special forces themselves:

• bulletproof vests Redut, Defender and Bagariy of modular type;
• vests unloading manufacturer Armak;
• sets of pouches Molle;
• helmets OpScore, Omnitech-T and SHBM;
• Veresk SR-2M and PP-2000 submachine guns.

Regular AKs are equipped with length-adjustable butts and Picatinny rails, which allow you to hang additional devices on the machine.

Special Operations Forces MTR

The unit reports to the Minister of Defense, was created in 2009, and the data of the current commander of the MTR are classified. They are considered rapid reaction forces, they conduct operations abroad (Somalia, Aleppo) and within the country (North Caucasus).

From the moment of its inception until the middle of 2014, only the form of foreign special forces was used to equip these units:

• Propper BDU (multicam coloring);
• special purpose kits for hot climates;
• Arcteryx Leaf;
• Tactical Combat, Field or Performance;
• tactical overalls Fortreks K14;
• helmets Warrior Kiver and 6B7-1M;
• ballistic helmet Spartan;
• diving suit GKN-7 set Amphora diving;
• anti-fragmentation suit Reid-L;
• body armor 6B43;
• unloading vest 6Sh112.

Currently, the BTK Group holding company provides decent quality materials, design and functionality of equipment, the domestic form is used, with rare exceptions.

In the media, that unit is usually called "Polite People" because of the appropriate attitude towards journalists during the maintenance of order in the Crimea in 2014. The camouflage during the operation was either the uniform of a security guard or civilian clothes.

Variants of camouflage suits

Domestic camouflage for military uniforms is of several types:

• Deciduous forest - created during the Second World War in 1942, suitable for the forest;
• Silver leaf - has the additional names "birch" and "sunny bunny";
• Amoeba - originated in 1935, the spots are large, there are options for any season of different staining intensity;
• HRV-93 - "Butane", more often called "vertical", the pattern completely merges the form with vegetation;
• HRV-98 - "Flora" or "Watermelon" due to the corresponding stripes, is considered the base for the European part of the Russian Federation;
• Flora digital - called the "Russian figure", is the youngest option.

Initially, special forces weapons and their uniforms were disguised with camouflage under the surrounding area. Such field clothes were worn by all units of the Special Forces. However, for special operations, there are better camouflage options:

• Goblin - the cape is hung with bunches of green, brown and yellow, merges with any vegetation and tree trunks;
• Kikimora is a high-strength, shapeless marsh-colored fiber.

Known options for third-party manufacturers of camouflage fabric and ready-made sets of tactical uniforms from it:

• Twilight - color from black to light gray (twilight);
• Cobra - similar to the scales of a large reptile, merges with the blueberry and tall grass;
• Kink - waterproof fabric for deciduous and coniferous forests;
• Frog - large digital squares;
• Multicam - an American version for urban development, slums, communications, not suitable for forests;
• Suprat - a domestic development of a forest camouflage pattern and suit style, costs three times cheaper than imported analogues;
• Amoeba - created from illogical fabric, has the largest operating experience;
• Black - for units of departmental security forces (Ministry of Internal Affairs, FSB and UPSIP) in order to quickly identify each other;
• Winter - pure white or with black spots;
• Desert - the advantage of sandy and brown;
• Jungle - yellow with green;
• Urban - considered basic, has a gray background, a dark "number".

In addition to Special Forces, camouflage clothing is used by combat units and units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Armed Forces, the GRU, the FSB, and even civilians and organizations. For example, an employee of the teaching staff and a fisherman can be dressed in camouflage. Until recently, the uniform of the guard practically did not differ from army uniforms.

Foreign analogues of camouflage fabric most often outperform domestic developments:

• Apu Pat - the name of the style of clothing and coloring of camouflage fabric, does not change color when wet;
• Woodland - a budget version of the previous material, darkening when wet, nicknamed "NATO", has four shades - rich green for swamps, moderate for forests, brown for mountains and basic universal;
• Marpat - has three options for the desert, city and forest, digital spots with black, brown and green hues that break the symmetry of the human anatomy, which the eye of the observer usually clings to.

The digital drawing is considered the best option, as it is being developed in a special camouflage department of the Central Research Institute named after Karbyshev. The shape of the pixel interferes with the concentration of the gaze on it, “falls out” of the field of view. For example, the "kink" option has the following masking properties:

• the scheme is divided into color parts - mustard, dark green and brown;
• the break imitates the three main coverings of a coniferous forest - moss, foliage and fallen needles;
• deforming visual perception of the silhouette behind the camouflage fabric is achieved by increasing the size of the pattern;
• digital areas of green should be close to the actual size of the needles, brown - to the dimensions of moss spots, and mustard - to dry foliage.

The kink camouflage colors are often used for tailoring everyday uniforms, as the fabric is very strong.

Special outfit

In addition to Kikimora and Leshy camouflage suits, several categories of military specialists have special uniforms:

• scuba divers and divers;
• paratroopers and snipers;
• saboteurs and anti-terror groups;
• sappers and miners.

For the same reasons, special forces weapons are diverse:

• Pecheneg and AKM machine guns;
• pistol Vityaz PP-10-01, Glock-17 and PYa;
• assault rifles AK-105, 74M and APS (underwater);
• sniper complexes VSK-94 and Vintorez;
• complexes PRTK Kornet;
• hand grenade launchers GM-94 and grenade launchers GP-34.

The special forces move overland on SUVs, KamAZ-Mustangs, BTR-82 armored personnel carriers, armored vehicles and ATVs.

Delivery by air is carried out by AN-26 transporters and Mt-8MTV-5 helicopters, by water by BRP SEA-DOO jet skis, under water by tugboats and mini-submarines of nuclear submarines.

Thus, the dress uniform of special forces units is a kind of disguise. Everyday uniforms are most often the same, and the field uniform is very diverse and unique.

In 2015, the Russian army completely changed its clothes. Today, all military personnel without exception have a military uniform of a new type. The plan of the Ministry of Defense of the Ministry of Defense, which consisted in the complete re-dressing of the army for more than a year, was fully implemented. This was repeatedly stated by senior officials of the main military department. The need to change the ranks of the army of our country has existed for a long time. Together with the new set of uniforms, new rules for wearing them have been put into effect.

In 2014 alone, the new uniform was issued to half a million servicemen. The distribution of uniforms was carried out in accordance with the developed schedule. The transfer of military personnel began precisely with those who served in the regions of the Far North.

General dressing began in 2013, actively continued in 2014, but the bulk of the Russian military personnel received an updated military uniform in 2015. Now the naval and full dress military uniforms are next in line for revision. Male and female employees will be fully dressed. Part of the 2015 Russian Armed Forces Uniform is a pattern of US military clothing.

Reforms in the field of military uniforms under Serdyukov

Modern military uniforms have been required by the Russian army for a long time, and the current attempt to completely change the clothes of military personnel is not the first. Overseas clothing for military personnel is significantly superior in performance to the uniform of the military of our country. Periodically, the Ministry of Defense introduces samples of military clothing with more advanced characteristics. As a result of each such attempt, the country's budget loses huge amounts, and the dress uniform is an even more unjustified cost.

For example, under the disgraced Minister Anatoly Serdyukov, about 25 billion rubles were allocated for the dressing up of the Russian army. The cost of developing and implementing a new form in 2014-2015. is still kept secret, but given the scale of this process, it is safe to say that the amounts are cosmic.

The military uniform has been taken for revision by the Ministry of Defense since 2007, including the dress one. The main initiative came from A. Serdyukov, who held the post of Minister of Defense at that time. On a competitive basis, from the provided sketches of the selected developers, the variant proposed by the famous Russian fashion designer Valentin Yudashkin won. It took 2 whole years to prepare the final samples of the updated uniforms. The presentation of the new form was held in 2010. In many respects, both external and operational, it was similar to the uniforms of the US armed forces. But the developers strongly denied such a comparison.

The Russian uniform for the winter season caused a lot of unflattering responses from both specialists and the military personnel themselves, who had to experience new uniforms on themselves. Complaints were received by the Ministry of Defense almost daily. Due to the low performance of the new uniform, the number of colds in the army has increased dramatically in just one winter period. In addition, external signs of the new form also caused discontent. After all, now shoulder straps were not located in the usual place, on the shoulders, but following the example of the armed formations of the NATO bloc, they were moved to the chest area. Plus, the quality of the material from which the form was made also left much to be desired. The servicemen noted that the fabric quickly becomes unusable and breaks, and the threads are frayed, and also become unusable.

Among other innovations, it should be noted the presence of a warm sweater in the clothing set of an officer of the Russian army, and the presence of individual components with Velcro, a narrowed model of overcoats, and the complete abolition of footcloths and boots. By the way, the last abolition was valid only according to the documents, because. in fact, it was far from immediately possible to come to this in the entire Russian army.

Due to numerous complaints and dissatisfaction from the military, the military department thought about the advisability of developing a new form.

Now realized that model following the example of the form of the US military does not fit the conditions of our country. From now on, the military uniform used in the field included 19 items. It turns out that the set has been significantly expanded. The price of one such set is approximately 35,000 rubles. The parade military uniform has not yet undergone changes, because. there is no urgent need for this. Much more important was the field uniform, and not the dress one.

Complete set of modern uniforms for military personnel

The modern uniform set is a multi-layered suit. Depending on weather conditions and personal tastes, the military has the opportunity to personally select sets of clothing for themselves. Plus, from now on, the field uniform is identical for both the officer and the military from the rank and file. Dress uniforms will still vary. The standards for the operation of military clothing for an officer and a soldier do not differ (one exception is the full dress uniform of an officer).

The set of modern field kit for a soldier and an officer includes the following components:

Gloves and mittens;

Several types of jackets designed for each season;

Hat and beret;

3 types of boots, varying by season;

Balaclava.

Standards for wearing uniforms for military personnel

Such rules are established in some detail in the departmental regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Employees use military uniforms of the following types:

dress uniform- during parades and various events with the direct participation of troops; in holidays military unit; in cases of presentation of state awards and orders; in cases of presentation of the military unit of the Battle Banner; when the ship is launched and put into operation, as well as when the Naval banner is raised on the ship; upon enrollment in the guard of honor; when serving as sentries for the protection of the Battle Banner of a military unit. It is allowed to wear a similar form of clothing on non-working days, and during off-duty hours;

field uniform- in the presence of hostilities; during a state of emergency, liquidation of the consequences of accidents, natural disasters, catastrophes, natural and other disasters; at training events, training sessions, combat duty;

everyday- in all other cases.

Characteristics of underwear for military personnel

The uniform assumes 2 separate sets for use in conditions of air temperature up to from - 40 to +15 degrees, and from + 15 and above. In one set, underwear is a T-shirt with short sleeves and boxer shorts. Such underwear is extremely practical, both from the technical side and in appearance. For a soldier, it has all the mandatory qualities, namely:

dries fairly quickly after absorbing moisture;

the degree of air exchange meets the mandatory standards.

For low temperature conditions, there are 2 sets of underwear: lightweight and fleece. Such underwear can be worn directly on the body. It also happens that a fleece set is worn over a lightweight one. This is usually done at lower temperatures. Lightweight underwear differs from the standard summer set with a longer sleeve and full-length underpants. The fleece set from the inside has a fleecy surface, plus, there is also a warming layer.

Sets for various weather conditions

The summer field kit consists of a lightweight jacket, trousers, beret and light boots. In the manufacture of such clothing, the so-called mechanical stretch is used, which is initially subject to treatment with a special water-repellent compound. In the parts that are under the greatest load, reinforcing components are superimposed. This gives the suit stability from mechanical damage and wear is kept to a minimum.

Military clothing regulations allow for a fleece jacket with thick pile on both sides in cool weather conditions. There is a strong layer of thermal insulation. Plus, if necessary, the jacket can be rolled up to a minimum volume. A windbreaker jacket is used to protect against the winds. It is worn with layer 5 trousers. The windbreaker provides ventilation and the necessary air exchange.

For colder weather conditions the main set is demi-season. It provides excellent wind protection. The material from which the suit is made has sufficient vapor permeability and dries quickly. Such a suit is worn by employees in the US Army. For special field conditions the military may use a windproof suit. In heavy rains, such a suit protects against moisture for a long time. A similar effect is achieved due to the presence of a special membrane. The seams of the suit are taped for greater reliability.

In severe frosts a warmer suit and a warmer vest are used. These elements are practical and light. They are made from wind and water resistant materials. Plus, in frosty weather, you can use a balaclava that can be worn as a hat, and an insulated hat for very frosty weather. For the manufacture of uniforms for the Russian army, a material is used, which includes cotton and synthetic elements in a ratio of 65/35.

In particular, with some reservations, the traditional division of the base color of the uniform by type of troops for the navy, ground forces and aviation, respectively, is black / green / blue, similar to the uniform worn in different periods military of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, although, strictly speaking, such a division is true, first of all, for the color of ceremonial uniforms (and even then not always).

Comment: a) B navy there is a wide variety of uniform sets that have other, but also traditional for the Russian fleet, colors, in particular, dark blue (for example, flannel, navy suit (working dress)) and white (for example, summer full dress and full dress uniform officers' clothing for wearing at high air temperatures, as well as a uniform). b) The so-called "green" color of the uniform of the ground forces, in fact, may mean:

• The color marine wave of the dress uniform of officers of the SV Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, restored since 2010 (also in effect until 1994), having continuity with the color of the dress uniform of officers of the SV Armed Forces of the USSR, as well as with the color of the uniform of officers of the infantry and artillery units of the Russian Empire in the 19th - early 20th centuries .

• The olive color of the full dress and everyday uniforms of soldiers and officers of the SV Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the period from 1994 to 2010, which, although close in color, still differs from the khaki color (which, strictly speaking, can hardly be called green) everyday and field (as well as front dress - for soldiers) uniforms of soldiers and officers of the SV Armed Forces of the USSR and field uniforms of soldiers and officers of the SV of the Russian Empire (after 1907). Since 2010, the olive color of the dress and casual uniforms of soldiers and the everyday uniforms of officers of the RF Armed Forces has acquired an even brighter green tint, so that the color differences have become even stronger.

c) The continuity of the blue color is valid for the dress uniform of officers of the Air Force, Airborne Forces and Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation and the USSR. The blue color of the everyday uniform of officers of these types and branches of the military was not always the same - in the USSR, the everyday uniform of officers for a long time was khaki, like the full dress and everyday uniform of soldiers; only the uniform of the command staff of the Air Force in the period of the 20-30s was entirely blue. (with breaks).

Also in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation there are a number of uniforms that were used in the USSR and the Russian Empire.

For example, a general view of the belts and aiguillettes of parade crews and guard of honor units in a particularly solemn occasions, such as parades on Red Square and in other cities on the occasion of state and military holidays, meetings of heads of state and government delegations, solemn ceremonies and military honors.

They preserve, in general, historical continuity and such insignia of difference as general appearance, shoulder straps and lapel pins of belonging to one or another branch of the troops (service). In particular, the overall appearance, color, shape and pattern of shoulder straps (including the weaving of officers and generals), as well as signs and designations on them (badges, gaps, stars) are preserved. Since the time of the Russian Empire, the emblems of belonging to one or another type of troops / service (labeled and for placement on shoulder straps) of artillery, aviation, troops and communications services, military medical service, and also, since the times of the USSR, tank troops (only the type of tank on the emblem has changed).

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Subtitles

1992-1996

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were created by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin No. 466 in May 1992. Before that, on December 21, 1991, the member countries of the CIS Treaty agreed to maintain a unified command of the Armed Forces until they were reformed. The former Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal of Aviation E. I. Shaposhnikov became the Commander-in-Chief of the United Armed Forces (since February 14, 1992 - the CIS Armed Forces). In March 1992, the Joint Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States (JFS CIS) and the Main Command of the CIS Joint Forces were formed, which included the former Armed Forces of the USSR (primarily, parts of the Soviet Army and Navy).

On February 11, 1992, in the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the CIS No. 50 "On temporary changes in military uniforms for the period 1992-1995." a description was given of "temporary changes" to the uniform, and in essence a new dress code for the transitional period:

• for marshals and generals, a parade cap was introduced on the model of everyday, a parade parade uniform on the model of an everyday tunic, but with parade epaulettes, parade trousers loose without stripes, with piping according to the type of troops, and it was also allowed to wear officer caps during summer everyday uniform for building;
• hats were canceled for marshals, generals and colonels (they were replaced by astrakhan hats with earflaps gray color; for colonels - from fur of a zigeyka):
• the piping on the cuffs of the dress uniforms of officers, ensigns, long-term servicemen and female military personnel, as well as sleeve insignia by type of troops for the last three categories indicated, were canceled;
• a cockade with an emblem was introduced on the top of the caps of officers, ensigns and servicemen of long-term service, the same for everyday and full dress uniforms;
• berets for female military personnel and caps for the full dress uniform of military servicemen were replaced by officer-style caps;
• the woolen jacket of marshals, generals, officers, ensigns and long-term servicemen changed the fastener to buttons with a zipper, sewn-in chest pockets to patch pockets (and also sewn-in side pockets with zippers appeared);
• for marshals, generals and officers and generals, ensigns and long-term servicemen, ceremonial belts and also a shoulder strap of leather equipment were excluded;
• for military servicemen and cadets, a unified woolen tunic with sewn-in epaulettes of the same material was installed instead of the dress uniform and closed everyday tunic;
• the letters "SA" on the shoulder straps of military servicemen were canceled, while the wearing of metal letters "K" on the sewn-in shoulder straps of field jackets and everyday cadets' tunics was established;
• the wearing of buttonholes on the collars of tunics of woolen and cotton conscripts and cadets was canceled, while emblems of golden (on cotton tunics - protective) color were fastened in the corners of the collars.

The same document made the following changes to the uniform of the generals, in comparison with the uniform of the Soviet Army of the 1988 model:

• sewing on ceremonial caps and uniforms of generals became similar to everyday and disappeared from the cuffs (along with the soutache piping on the collar and cuffs),
• to the gray front-out jacket, trousers were installed loose, with piping, but without stripes, to match the jacket, as well as a cap with a gray crown and a colored band.

Thus, in the first year after the collapse of the USSR in Armed Forces ah of the Russian Federation continued to wear the military uniform of the Soviet Army, in general terms repeating the form of the 1988 model. True, many officers and generals allowed themselves very serious deviations from their usual patterns (for example, Lieutenant General A. I. Lebed, judging by the photographs, often appeared in a blue uniform with full dress shoulder straps and awards and a blue cap with the emblem of the Air Force on the crown, laid down by the generals of the Air Force, but not the Airborne Forces), especially in the field conditions of multiple conflicts in the post-Soviet territory.

By October 1992, the first proposals of the Home Front Service on the uniform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were ready, based on the experimental developments of the second half of the 80s. In May 1993, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, General of the Army P.S. Grachev, in a special directive, determined the need to switch to a new form by 1995. At the same time, the transition was planned to be gradual, it was allowed to wear things from old sets and the old model, guided by all the same Rules wearing military uniforms 1988

In October 1992, the draft of a new military uniform was considered by members of the military board of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the President of the Russian Federation - Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and received their approval (Decision of the President of the Russian Federation of October 24, 1992 No. Pr-1873). After the pilot wear of the new uniform by military personnel in the Nizhny Novgorod Higher Military School of Logistics, the Ryazan Higher Military Airborne Command School, in the troops of the Moscow, Leningrad and other military districts in 1992-1994, some changes and additions were made to the draft of the new form. So for conscripts to wear when dress uniform clothes introduced a cap and tunic of the sample established for officers and ensigns, and the wearing of cotton uniforms was also extended to the winter everyday uniform.

The question of the military heraldry of the Armed Forces remained uncertain. The Minister himself put on a new uniform already in the summer-autumn of 1993 - with the Soviet general's cockade on his cap. In the same way, all military personnel were ordered to wear uniforms - until the issue of military and state symbols was resolved.

Finally, in May 1994, a new uniform was introduced by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation (dated May 23, 1994, No. 1010). By order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated May 28, 1994 No. 255, " Rules for wearing by military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation military uniforms and insignia for military ranks". However detailed description some items of uniforms and the rules for wearing them took place much later - almost four years later (Proc. MO No. 210, 03/28/1997; Pr. MO No. 15, 01/14/98).

Badge of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

The very first element of the new form of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was the patch (badge) "RUSSIA. Armed forces", established in the summer of 1992 to be worn by all military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation on the left sleeve on all types of uniforms. The patch was a black shield with a golden inner border, a tricolor and corresponding golden inscriptions at the top and bottom of the tricolor. With minor changes, the sleeve insignia of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was approved by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation in 1994, although its official description was given only in the Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation 1998 (No. 15). A similar patch with the image of the State Emblem of the USSR and the inscription "Armed Forces of the USSR" in a circle was developed back in the late 1980s, but remained at the project stage.

This insignia was supposed, first of all, to officially distinguish a Russian serviceman (as a combatant) from the general mass of former Soviet military men throughout the post-Soviet space, wearing out the old Soviet military uniform (including from a number of different, not always official, armed formations in the former republics of the USSR that are not related to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation), as well as to distinguish it from the many internal Russian armed structures that appeared at that time also in large quantities(MB RF, later FSK Russia and FSB Russia, as well as the Ministry of Internal Affairs Russia), also legally wearing the uniform of the USSR Armed Forces. At the same time, it was assumed that the privates and non-commissioned officers of the Armed Forces would wear a plastisol badge, and officers and warrant officers would wear a woven badge, but the first option turned out to be more convenient, economical and practical for everyone at first.

Subsequently, not only state-owned enterprises, but also various private firms were allowed to make signs - hence the variety of patches that differ in manufacturing technology (from PVC and paint to silk-screen printing and embroidery), color shades, fonts, and additional elements. Some senior officers and generals could afford to make a badge on an individual order, for example, for dress uniforms.

Summer form

The adopted form differed significantly from the Soviet one in the direction of simplification. According to the nomenclature, there were 1.5 times fewer items in the new uniform than in the uniform of the Armed Forces of the USSR. First of all, in the Ground Forces and the Air Force, the officer dress uniform of the color of aquamarine and blue, as well as the general's gray-steel color, was canceled. Colored shoulder straps (for soldiers and sergeants), colored bands for caps and buttonholes on tunics and overcoats were canceled. Depending on the specific item of clothing, the emblems of the military branches were placed in the corners of the collar or on shoulder straps.

For everyday and dress uniforms of the Ground Forces and the Airborne Forces, a single base olive color was established; for the Air Force - blue. The first received a red device (except for the airborne forces, air defense, and aviation of the ground forces - here the device was blue), the second - blue.

External images
	Samples summer uniform clothes Armed Forces. From  1997  (according to the Rules of 1997, until  1997 on tulle - image State emblem of the Russian Federation).
	Samples winter uniform clothes Armed Forces. From  1997  (according to the Rules of 1997, until  1997 on tulle - image State emblem of the Russian Federation).

The everyday base-color cap with edging (according to the device) did not differ from the front one and, in general, repeated the general pattern of the Soviet Army officers' cap. A ribbon of the base color was attached to the band (for generals - with an embroidered ornament of laurel leaves, slightly changed in 1994 in proportions and pattern compared to the Soviet model) with a pattern resembling a galloon pattern on the shoulder straps of re-enlisted men; all generals, officers, ensigns and contract sergeants received a filigree strap, conscript soldiers - varnished.

As a winter headgear, all military personnel were installed fur hat with earflaps(for colonels and generals - by special order, from gray astrakhan fur). The officer could order a hat at his own expense from improved fur (astrakhan fur) to wear off duty.

For all military personnel (including women), the main headgear was introduced cap base color, with instrument-colored edging and a slightly modified cut (compared to the Soviet model) - rectangular, with a high central part, fan holes were placed on the right side of the upper side. On the cap, in addition to the cockade, a tricolor was originally attached to the left (sewn-on woven (early samples of 1992) or metal, on clips (1993 and later)).

The military personnel of the Airborne Forces were left blue beret- with a new cockade and installed emblems, as on caps.

Instead of a parade uniform and an everyday tunic, a unified single-breasted uniform was introduced for all military personnel. French tunic without fringing with patch pockets and buttons on the valves, with sewn-on shoulder straps. From the everyday tunic of officers and generals, the ceremonial one differed only in gold metal shoulder straps. Ceremonial epaulettes on the tunics of conscripts and conscripts did not differ from everyday ones. At the ends of the collar of the generals, golden-yellow laurel leaves of a slightly different pattern were embroidered than in the samples of 1988. The officers, ensigns and conscripts had golden insignia according to the types of troops. For conscripts and privates, these signs were often of a simplified design, at first they were of the Soviet type, preserved in abundance in the warehouses of the military department. In 1994-1995 new signs were introduced - slightly larger than the old, Soviet ones, partially modified (for example, in tank troops). The images on the emblems of the military branches were placed in wreaths of laurel branches (the latter circumstance caused criticism from many officers who believed that the signs were poorly read in such "funeral" wreaths).

They relied on the tunic loose trousers(officers and re-enlisted, that is, all contract servicemen, retained a colored edging, and generals - instrument-colored stripes) with black boots. A black leather belt with a golden two-pronged frame buckle relied on the uniform for the formation. Out of formation, the belt was not worn. Boots for everyday uniforms were universally abolished and retained as an exception only in the companies of the guard of honor. Yuft and tarpaulin boots (with wide tops, straps tightening around the calves) were left for work and field uniforms.

Worn under a tunic shirt with a tie in the basic (in the Air Force - black) colors, with chest pockets with buttons on the valves, with dress uniform White shirt. The shirt could be worn without a tunic, with fastened galloon epaulettes of the base color, with gaps and signs according to the type of troops. A shirt with a tie was worn with a woolen jacket with a zipper. For hot weather, a shirt with shoulder straps was allowed, without a tie, with a short sleeve.

winter form

Overcoats were replaced by "Winter short coat" the basic color of a single cut - both for generals (with instrument-colored piping on the collar, cuffs, sides, straps and pockets) and officers (without edging), and for privates: double-breasted, five-button to wear with folded lapels, with the possibility of fastening in cold weather fur collar (for officers). There was no difference between the formal and everyday coats either in cut or in the elements of the headset. Shoulder straps for outerwear were also the same (except for the field uniform). A white scarf was supposed to go with the winter dress uniform, gloves for the winter uniform for all military personnel were black.

Was fitted and shortened to the hip line demi-season raincoat(base color without edging); in cold weather, officers and generals were also allowed to fasten a fur collar, including astrakhan, to the collar of this coat - as well as to a winter coat.

Initially, it was not planned to place any elements or headsets on the collars of the generals' coats, however, already on the experimental samples, P. Grachev made an amendment to decorate the collar of the general's coat with a headset in the form of stamped tin leaves fastened to metal antennae. In the final version, they returned to the buttonholes of the basic cloth with a gold edging and sewing in the form of bay leaves, similar to the pattern of the overcoat buttonholes of Soviet generals.

The demi-season raincoat, in general, repeated the pattern of the 1988 raincoat with a change in the basic colors and insignia.

The uniform of female military personnel has changed significantly - the cut of the tunic (on two buttons, without breast pockets), the coat (with a hidden fastener with a fur collar), and the tie have become new; a dress (basic color) was supposed to go with a tunic, straight trousers for a woolen jacket.

field uniform

At first glance, it remains virtually unchanged field uniform- camouflage colors, cut 1984-1988, except for the installation of boots with high lacing (" berets”), new insignia and new symbols. Boots were often replaced with yuft and tarpaulin boots(as practice has shown - in some cases even more comfortable than boots, including in a combat situation). On summer and winter jackets, fixed sleeve patches were sewn (there was no color difference between the patches on the field, everyday and dress uniforms), the emblems of the military branches were placed on the collars - the same as on the everyday uniform, but steel gray ("muted") colors. Since 1994, on the chest of a jacket or pea coat of a serviceman (above the breast pockets), stripes indicating the type of service and the emblem of the branch of service, as well as the blood type and Rh factor (R (+) (-)) of the serviceman (yellow stamped PVC pattern) began to be placed on a black background). The orders did not specify what kind of camouflage pattern should be used, however, film and photo documents, including those of the first Chechen campaign (“Measures to restore constitutional order in the Chechen Republic”), show that in the first half of the 90s it was widely used camouflage of the “oak” or “butane” type, instead of the “birch tree”, which had departed from the widespread practice, remained, however, in a number of special forces units, as well as in the Border Troops. In 1993, a camouflage pattern of a new color appeared (VSR-93, the so-called "vertical"), and in 1998 - VSR-98 ("flora", another option is "watermelon").

For many field uniform items, the cut, location of pockets and belt, fasteners, etc. were changed. In the production of winter uniforms, it was planned to actively use polymers to reduce wear and tear of clothing, increase its light resistance and masking properties. True, in the face of economic difficulties, most of these innovations remained on paper.

Elements of heraldry and insignia

On the right sleeves on all types of military uniforms in 1994, stripes appeared indicating belonging to a particular branch of the military, duplicating the signs on the collar. The stripes were black circles with yellow piping and white inscriptions, yellow emblems in green wreaths (all drawings and inscriptions are made of colored PVC). The wearing of patches on the right sleeve was established by the unit commander. The recommendations stipulated that a serviceman could sew on the emblem of the district, type of troops, specific unit or formation (if any) on the right sleeve - by order of his immediate superior. It was forbidden to sew more than one emblem on the sleeve.

This actually legitimized the extremely common practice of the first half of the 90s, when various units and subunits, including the so-called "elite" ones (aerobatic teams of fighters, long-range aviation, units of the Airborne Forces, special forces, 201 msd, based on the territory Tajikistan, even some military commissariats, etc.) on their own initiative, with the overt or covert support of the command, developed, made and wore their own emblems. The question of centralized approval of such emblems or bringing them to a single model was not raised during this period - the matter was left to the mercy and responsibility of local authorities, since it was believed that such decoration could raise the rather low prestige of military service and the authority of the army among the population, especially youth. In the absence of such an emblem, a soldier could always decorate an empty sleeve with a standard, officially approved emblem of the military branch.

The stripes for the years of study of cadets of military educational institutions were preserved - now these stripes have taken the form of golden (yellow) chevrons  (corners) made of PVC on a fabric basis of the base color (or - a couple of tones darker). They were placed on the right sleeve under the all-army sign of belonging to the RF Armed Forces.

Shoulder straps on all types of military clothing, they changed their shape to a hexagonal one with a small button in the upper part and became smaller (not reaching the collar of a tunic or coat, and also became a little narrower in width). Ceremonial epaulettes of officers and generals remained gold with piping and gaps according to the instrument color. Ceremonial shoulder straps of re-enlisted did not differ from everyday ones and had instrument-colored edging on the sides of shoulder straps. Sergeants and foremen in the form of insignia were installed (instead of badges) with metal corners (see Military ranks in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (1994-2010)). The general scheme for placing insignia on shoulder straps remained the same. .

Perhaps the most difficult issue was the problem of a combined arms symbol - a cockade or an emblem on a headdress. Not least, this was due to the uncertainty of the state symbols of the Russian Federation itself during this period, when only the tricolor state flag, already used on cockades in the symbols of the police, was a more or less established symbol. A variant of a return to the pre-revolutionary cockade of the Russian Imperial Army (a convex oval of silver rays converging to the center (officers), or a smooth silvery oval with a border along the edge (lower ranks), in the center - alternating ovals of golden (officers) or orange inscribed into each other ( lower ranks) and black with a black oval directly in the center) was not considered, since it did not contain heraldic references to the symbols of the Russian Federation. In December 1993, by Presidential Decree, the Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation was established - a golden double-headed eagle on a scarlet shield with a silver rider on the chest - however, these colors were also absent on the cockades approved on April 5, 1994 by the decision of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

New cockade It was in form an analogue of the pre-revolutionary model or the Soviet officer cockade (“nut”, “nut”), but somewhat smaller and simplified. The cockade according to the pattern was the same for all military personnel: a convex volumetric ellipse with a corrugated surface in the form of golden rays converging towards the center, in the center - alternating ellipses of orange (2 pcs) and black (2 pcs) inscribed into each other with a black solid ellipse directly in the center. Above the black-and-orange pattern was a golden star elongated in its shape with smooth straight rays. Heraldically (and formally) the cockade was not a symbol of the Russian Federation, but of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, that is, it denoted the departmental, and not the state, affiliation of a serviceman. The cockade for the field uniform was made in green, greenish-gray, gray or steel-gray versions with the same dimensions and design. The cockade was worn on all headgear with all types of clothing by all military personnel.

On caps and field caps, all military personnel wore cockade of the established sample (in the latter case - in the field version). For ensigns, officers and generals on berets and caps with earflaps, a cockade was worn with emblem in the form of ten bay leaves framing it; with exactly the same emblem, the cockade was worn on the caps of officers and ensigns (the emblems embroidered on the band were not widely used in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, unlike, for example, from units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs). On the caps of generals, the cockade was worn with sewing of the established pattern (1994), sergeants and soldiers - without an emblem and sewing.

On the tops of the caps of officers and generals was attached a golden metal State Emblem of the Russian Federation established pattern with a shield of red enamel on the chest. The flight emblem on the crowns of the Airborne Forces, aviation pilots of the Ground Forces and the Air Force was canceled. Such a placement of the coat of arms was justified, since in this situation it was the coat of arms, and not the cockade, that heraldically determined the nationality of the serviceman. However, the emblem did not rely on the caps of ensigns, sergeants and soldiers. This placement of state symbols led to an inevitable constructive increase in the tulle of officers and generals' caps and the acquisition of a characteristic shape by the latter ( "airfield", "pinochet"), serving as fodder for army jokes and anecdotes. Since 1995, coats of arms embroidered with gold thread and colored silk have become increasingly common among the highest command staff.

Marks of Excellence

For the military personnel of the guards units (ships) and formations of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, a new badge "Guards" was approved, which is a convex St. George's cross, covered with white enamel, the lateral and lower ends of which are located against the background of the St. George's ribbon, and the upper - against the background of the waving State flag Russian Federation with a shaft and a brush of golden color. In the center of the St. George Cross there is a round plate covered with red enamel and framed with a golden laurel wreath, in the center of which is a golden image of St. George the Victorious on a horse, striking a dragon with a spear. Plates are superimposed on the upper and lower parts of the laurel wreath: at the top - with the golden inscription "Guard" on a black background; below - with the inscription in black "Russia" on a golden background. The sign is made of metal. Its height is 43 mm, width is 33 mm, on the reverse side it has a device for attaching to clothing.

The metal badges for military personnel who graduated from military educational institutions have also undergone changes, the form of which has remained the same, but on their front side instead of the State Emblem former USSR now there is the State Emblem of the Russian Federation - a quadrangular, with rounded lower corners, a red heraldic shield pointed at the tip with a golden double-headed eagle. Since 2007, the main figure of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation has been placed directly in the center of the sign, for servicemen who graduated from military educational institutions with honors, intersecting golden oak and laurel branches are placed below it. For military personnel who graduated from secondary military educational institutions, the image of the emblem of the Armed Forces is installed in the center of the badge. Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 25 dated January 15, 2001 confirmed the wearing of badges by military personnel who graduated from the Suvorov military, Nakhimov naval, military music schools and cadet, naval cadet, musical cadet corps of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

New badges of class specialists of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and badges "Warrior-athlete" were also introduced.

The badge of class specialists for officers, ensigns and midshipmen, except for the flight crew of aviation, is a figured shield superimposed on a silver anchor, two crossed swords and unfolded wings with beams of golden rays coming out from under them. In the center of the shield is the letter "M" or the number 1, 2 or 3, covered with white enamel and respectively indicating the class of the specialist: master, specialist 1, 2 and 3rd class. The field of the shield, covered with blue enamel, is bordered along the contour by a strip covered with white enamel with golden rivets. The sign is made of metal. Its height is 28 mm, width is 68 mm. On the reverse side of it there is a device for attaching to clothes.

According to the drawing, the badge of class specialists for foremen, sergeants, soldiers and sailors and the badge "Warrior-athlete" of three degrees remained without significant changes.

Badges of the class qualification of the flight crew military aviation They are unfolded wings, in the center of which there is a figured shield superimposed on two crossed swords, located with their points down. In the upper part of the shield is a five-pointed golden star, the two lower rays of which are superimposed on the shield. The shield is framed by silvery branches emerging from its base: oak on the left and laurel on the right - for military sniper pilots, navigators-snipers; oak, ending with a laurel on the left and right - for military pilots (navigators) of the 1st class; oak left and right - for military pilots (navigators) of the 2nd class. On the signs of military pilots (navigators) of the 3rd class and those who do not have a class, there is no frame made of branches. The surface of the shield is covered with blue enamel. On the shield of the sign of a military sniper pilot, navigator-sniper there is a convex silhouette of the aircraft, directed to the left, and below is a plate covered with red enamel, with a golden inscription, respectively: "Pilot-sniper" or "Navigator-sniper". In the center of the shield of signs of military pilots of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd class are, respectively, the numbers 1, 2 and 3 of red color, and for military navigators - a bomb with the image of the numbers 1, 2 and 3 on it, also red. On the shield of signs of pilots and navigators who do not have a class, there are no numbers. All metal surfaces of the sign, except for oak and laurel branches, are golden. The badge is stamped from metal. On the reverse side of it there is a device for attaching to clothes.

New in the form of clothes

Many items were radically changed in cut (to increase ergonomics) or in the composition of the fabric, some were generally introduced for the first time in domestic practice:

• semi-woolen knitted sweater, cap and balaclava to increase the heat-shielding properties of the winter field outfit of military personnel, as well as to be worn in cold weather in the spring and autumn with summer field clothing;
• insulated rubber boots for wearing in cold and humid climates, which are shoes with rubber heads, waterproof nylon tops, fastened with a "zipper";
• a bag for carrying and storing a field set of clothing and personal items, made of waterproof nylon fabric with variable capacity (large, medium, small);
• a duffel bag instead of a duffel bag made of waterproof nylon camouflage fabric with two voluminous pockets on the outside, adjustable shoulder straps and lacing on the sides, allowing you to change its volume;
• camouflage cover for a steel helmet made of camouflage fabric;
• a sleeping bag of a new type made of materials that ensure that a soldier stays in a sleeping bag for six hours at a temperature of - (minus) 20 ° C;
• thermal insulation mat ("foam"), made of foamed polyethylene, used as a bedding under a sleeping bag; the rug on one side has a bright color to facilitate the visual search for wounded servicemen.

ORPC

In accordance with general trends, the ceremonial dress code has changed. ORPC(more precisely, two companies of the OBPK) of the 154th separate regiment of the military commandant's office in Moscow. An Army platoon received a uniform with an olive base color, an Air Force platoon with blue, and a Navy platoon with black. The cut of almost all elements of the uniform (tunics, caps, ties, shirts) was similar to the general army. The exceptions were breeches with edging for wearing in boots (as well as the chrome boots themselves, left especially for the ORKK for the convenience of passing through a solemn march and performing combat techniques) and an overcoat with five buttons along the side, which retained the general cut of the Soviet officer's overcoat (in shape when belt and boots, the overcoat was worn strictly buttoned up, while the overcoat-coat of the Ground Forces and the Air Force, model 1994, was worn only with open lapels). A white muffler was supposed to be under the overcoat.

A hat with earflaps made of gray astrakhan, with a cockade and an emblem, relied on the winter uniform; officers on an overcoat in cold weather with a ceremonial uniform were allowed to wear an astrakhan collar. The emblem of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the RPK, worn on the left and right sleeves of tunics and overcoats, was embroidered with colored silk or gimp and had a edging of a twisted gilded cord of natural gilding (for this reason, the chevron was subject to mandatory surrender upon dismissal or damage).

The ORPC retained the traditional ceremonial elements of the uniform - officer belts with gilding (now laid down for both soldiers and sergeants), golden embroidered emblems for cockades, golden leaves along the edge of the visor of caps, golden epaulettes of officers, soldiers and sergeants (for the latter - with brass letters "VS »Slavic script), aiguillettes for tunics and overcoats, the chest emblem of the PKK in the form of an elongated five-pointed star. Small golden stylized bay leaves were attached to the collars of tunics and overcoats.

This uniform of the units of the guard of honor of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was approved on June 4, 1995. Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 186.

The units used as a guard of honor in the field (as a rule, they used cadets of local higher education institutions or military personnel of commandant companies in this capacity) traditionally borrowed some elements of the uniform of the Moscow ORKK (for example, white gloves and aiguillettes, occasionally bleached belts), however, as a rule , their uniform was not much different from the general front: for example, they wore coats with open lapels, and they did not wear cowhide boots with chrome heads at all.

May 9, 1995 parade Uniform for army generals

A peculiar review of the new form was the celebrations dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War and their climax - parades on Red Square (foot, with the participation of veterans) and on Poklonnaya Gora (with the display of military equipment and aircraft) on May 9, 1995

Especially for the parades, emblems were developed for belonging to the types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation of a special pattern made of yellow PVC on a colored cloth basis (artist - V.K. Rozhkov), approved by the Minister of Defense on March 31, 1995. The emblems were supposed to be worn on the right sleeve. Since they were issued in a limited edition, only for participants in the parade in Moscow in 1995, their wearing quickly ceased.

In addition, participants in parade crews received white gloves, traditional for Soviet parades, yellow silk aiguillettes on the right shoulder, Soviet-style parade officer belts and daggers, bleached belts (for cadets of some educational institutions and a consolidated orchestra), as well as a twisted golden edging cord on sleeve insignia of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, similar to the one already existing in the OBKK of the 154th OKP, but without gilding.

In a new, but not officially established dress uniform, General of the Army P. S. Grachev appeared at the parade on Poklonnaya Gora, who hosted the parade as the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation (on Red Square, the Minister’s uniform was an established dress uniform, with gold shoulder straps and a white shirt, but without awards, aiguillettes, gloves and front belt). Elements of the new dress uniform of the army general explicitly or implicitly copied the elements of the uniform of the Marshals of the Soviet Union while maintaining the main elements of the new military uniform of the Russian Federation (color, cut, style, etc.). The cap of the general of the army was decorated with the State Emblem of the Russian Federation embroidered with colored silk, the cockade on the band was framed by oak, not bay leaves, the same leaves were located on the visor of the cap under the contour gilded roller along the edge of the visor. The filigree strap was replaced with a leather strap with gilded embroidery - in the form of a stylized garland oak leaves tied with ribbon. Oak leaves also flaunted on the collar and cuffs of the Minister's ceremonial tunic, and along the edge of the collar and cuffs there was a thin golden soutache piping.

On May 11, 1995 (that is, after the holiday), all these non-statutory changes were formally legalized as for the front, and for everyday form all army generals . On everyday uniforms, the bay leaves on the collar were also replaced with oak ones, and in the fall of the same 1995, the generals of the army changed the bay leaves to oak and on the buttonholes of their coats.

Some features of the first half of the 90s

The salient features of this period include the following:

• many innovations were introduced randomly, not formalized by the relevant orders, directives, rules (or were formalized retroactively), and by their nature were also random, and not systemic;
• the top leadership of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in fact, received a free hand in matters of military uniforms and military symbols, which they took advantage of, often embodying their own aesthetic principles in various projects, weakly connecting them with traditions, economic opportunities , expediency and elementary comfort in wearing;
• for many servicemen, these aesthetic experiments had a reverse side: in the conditions of the crisis of the first half of the 90s, the manufacture and wearing of military uniforms became an expensive pleasure, while its manufacture itself was often, for economic reasons, attributed entirely to the funds of military personnel, without compensation for costs; hence the desire for economy by wearing field uniforms made of relatively cheap and affordable camouflage, both in and out of place, even in capital cities;
• over-enlisted servicemen in the provinces and outlying garrisons often until the early 2000s. continued to wear out Soviet uniforms (with appropriate changes - new sleeve insignia, cockades, with the letters "SA" removed from shoulder straps, and buttonholes from the collars of tunics and overcoats, etc.) due to the lack of new sets in warehouses or the economic impossibility of them order and acquisition by the military department;
• huge stocks of uniforms left from the Soviet Army in army warehouses (plus - exported from the Warsaw Pact countries in the early 90s) with the relative (due to economic problems of the 90s) high cost of new sets forced the rear services to use, in order to save money, first of all, it is the Soviet legacy;
• in practice, such “exotic” options were also encountered, such as sewing a new sample uniform, but not from olive-colored textiles, but from khaki-colored material, established for the everyday uniform of the Soviet Army, which was also available in warehouses in large quantities.

1997-2008

In the second half of the 90s. changes in military uniforms continue, but they are already more purposeful professional and more or less integral and complete.

March 27, 1997 By order of the Minister of Defense, new "Rules for wearing military uniforms by military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation".

Systematization of military heraldic symbols

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 27, 1997 No. 46 was approved " military heraldic sign - the emblem of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation". The sign is a double-headed eagle of golden color, in general terms resembling the State Emblem of the Russian Empire, adopted under Emperor Nicholas I: with sharp, lowered wings, on the chest - a shield of a special shape, with a white rider in a red field; in its paws, the eagle clutches a sword and a laurel wreath, the symbol is crowned with an imperial crown. In accordance with the "Regulations on the military heraldic sign ...", it could serve as the basis for the development of other elements of military heraldry, primarily emblems of the branches of the Armed Forces.

After the approval of the heraldic sign, by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of March 28, 1997 No. 210, new Rules for wearing military uniforms by military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Wearing on the crowns of everyday and ceremonial caps of officers and generals an eagle with a pattern of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation was canceled, wearing a heraldic badge of yellow metal was established (embroidery of the badge with gold thread or colored silk was allowed). The tricolor on caps and berets was also canceled, replaced by a heraldic sign of a smaller size than on caps.

In 1997, the development of the emblems of the branches of the Armed Forces began, which was completed in a few years. In each case, the heraldic sign was taken as the basis, while its color or objects in the paws of the eagle changed. The emblem was developed in two forms:

a) on a woven sleeve insignia;

b) on a metal badge on a tunic (on a screw) and on a shirt (when worn without a tunic) - on a leather strap with a fastener to the button of the right breast pocket.

At the same time, each emblem, ultimately, could be made in three versions: large (image of symbolic objects on the instrument background in a silver or gold wreath topped with the heraldic sign of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation), medium (an eagle with symbolic objects in its paws), small (image of symbolic objects on the instrument background).

By order of the Russian Ministry of Defense No. 210 of March 28, 1997, sleeve emblems by types of the Armed Forces are introduced on the right sleeve, without canceling the existing emblems by types of troops. The sleeve insignia was a cloth circle of a certain color (with a colored edging), in the center of which there was a stylized eagle modeled after the emblem of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, holding certain symbolic objects of gold or silver color in its paws. In a more or less completed version by the beginning of the 2000s. the picture is as follows (the color of the field, the color of the edge in brackets):

• red (gold) - Ground Forces,
• black - Navy (gold), General Staff (orange), Air Defense (blue; the badge was canceled in 2004).
• blue - Air Force (gold, red since 2004), Airborne Forces (red, green since 2005), air defense aviation (black; the badge was canceled in 2004).
• dark blue - Strategic Missile Forces (red), VKS (this emblem did not originally contain an image of an eagle); in 1997, the Aerospace Forces became part of the Strategic Missile Forces, then the Space Forces (KV) since 2002 again with an emblem on a blue (dark blue) background with a blue edging,
• light blue (or light blue) - aviation of the Ground Forces (gold) - the badge was canceled in the early 2000s due to the entry of the DIA into the Air Force.

In the early 2000s the emblem of the Logistics of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation appeared - a silver eagle, a silver edging, a crimson field.

By order of the Ministry of Defense of January 14, 1998 No. 15, employees of the Central Office and units directly related to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation were entitled to a gold emblem with a gold edging of the badge on an olive (in the color of the uniform) field, with an additional edging of the badge along the contour with red piping.

This sign was changed by Order No. 425 of December 17, 2004. According to it, servicemen who do not belong to any type of Armed Forces (for example, employees of the Central Defense Ministry, security units of the central bodies of the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff, doctors of central hospitals, employees of military registration and enlistment offices or military commandant's offices, cadets of some higher educational institutions) received a combined arms emblem similar to the emblem of the Ground Forces, but with silver rather than gold instrument metal.

The sleeve insignia could be made of PVC, colored silk or metallized thread both centrally and on an individual order in compliance with technical specifications. Emblems embroidered with colored metallic threads were in great demand - especially by officers for full dress.

In the late 90s. By order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, other sleeve insignia were also installed:

• sleeve insignia of state affiliation for military representatives in foreign countries (Badge in the form of a shield with a pointed lower and convex upper sides, in the center of which is the image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation; in the upper part of the badge there is the inscription "Russia"; along the perimeter of the field of the badge - piping; coat of arms, inscription and piping - golden, field of shield and sign - red.);
• for contingents of military personnel participating in peacekeeping activities, a distinction is established for belonging to a special contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation participating in maintenance or restoration activities international peace and security (The sign is in the form of a rectangle, in the center of which are the letters "MC". A piping is laid along the perimeter of the sign field. The letters and piping are golden, the sign field is blue).

In the early 2000s the development of signs and emblems continues intensively with very effective attempts to streamline the already existing diversity of emblems of specific units and formations. These emblems were often the product of private initiative and appeared, as a rule, in the first half of the 90s. It should be noted that most of these self-created initiative emblems could not pass the approval procedure in the special heraldic organizations of the RF Ministry of Defense, because their symbolic and color range, as well as the general design, often not only did not meet, but even contradicted the requirements of heraldry.

However, by 2003-2004 sleeve emblems of the High Commands of the Armed Forces, individual headquarters, formations, units (for example, the General Staff and its Directorates, commandant companies, commandant's offices, units of the Spetsstroy of the Russian Federation, etc.), as well as research institutes, higher military educational institutions and training centers, begin to appear . All emblems were approved and developed centrally. The basis of all the emblems was a cloth circle of the established color with a colored edging along the edge. A characteristic feature of these emblems is the use in the drawing of the ribbons of Soviet orders that the unit was awarded: so on the emblem of the 15th Central Research Institute there was a ribbon of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, and the MVVKU - the orders of Lenin, OR and BKZ. Guards units and formations and their heirs relied on the Guards St. George ribbon instead of edging.

By order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation in 2000 No. 625, the Regulations on military heraldic signs of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were put into effect. The regulation determined the composition and purpose of the military heraldic signs of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. In accordance with this provision, the orders of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation approved the military heraldic signs of the branches of the Armed Forces, branches of service (services) and made changes to the description of sleeve insignia and lapel insignia - emblems by types of the Armed Forces, branches of troops (services).

By order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation of December 24, 2004 No. 425, the wearing of sleeve insignia of belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the Navy of the Russian Federation (“tricolor”, “Russia”) was canceled. The emblems of districts, commands, headquarters, educational institutions or specific units migrated to the left sleeve of military personnel - in accordance with the order of the immediate superior. The emblems of the branches of the Armed Forces, the Central Office of the Ministry of Defense, the General Staff and the Ministry of Defense were still sewn on the right sleeve. So, for example, cadets and teachers of the Military University wore the emblem of the university on the left sleeve, and the emblem of the Ministry of Defense on the right sleeve. All emblems became uniform in design and size; emblems of a higher structure served as the basis for the emblem. From now on, the emblems were approved centrally on the recommendation of the Military Heraldic Service of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, no unauthorized initiative from below was now allowed in these matters.

Private changes in the second half of the 90s - early 2000s.

In 1997, the generals of the army on shoulder straps had one large star with an emblem replaced with four smaller stars, like all other generals (as was already the case in the Soviet Army until the mid-70s). In the same year, but somewhat later, special distinctions in full dress and everyday uniforms were also canceled for army generals, equalizing them with other generals, which was reflected in the new Rules. The insignia for army generals, which had existed since Soviet times, was also canceled - the Marshal star on a tie (although, in fact, it was also awarded after the formal cancellation, for example, to I. Kvashnin in November 1997, since there were undelivered copies in the funds of the Gokhran) . A headset made of oak leaves, special elements of the dress uniform with special sewing on the cap were left only to the Marshals of the Russian Federation - this title was received at the end of November 1997 by the new Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation I. D. Sergeev. The marshals were left to wear the coat of arms on the crown (instead of the heraldic emblem of the RF Armed Forces).

For wearing on summer raincoats, instead of removable shoulder straps, military personnel (except for senior officers) have sewn-in shoulder straps from the fabric of the top of raincoats with a base color field, without piping and gaps. On sewn-in shoulder straps of raincoats, golden insignia by military ranks (stars and squares) and emblems by types of the Armed Forces, branches of service (services) are established.

On January 23, 2002, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 82, in order to "further reform" and "unification", the blue uniform of officers, generals, warrant officers, sergeants and privates of the Air Force and Aerospace Forces was canceled. The general color of the uniform of the Russian Armed Forces became olive, and the identification of a serviceman by the appearance of the uniform turned out to be impossible. Identification now served as piping on a cap, gaps in shoulder straps, edging of golden dress shoulder straps, emblems by types and branches of troops (services) on the collar or shoulder straps, as well as new sleeve insignia by types and branches of troops, services, formations, military units.

Participants of the May parade on Red Square (listeners and commanders of the air force academies), as well as senior officers of the central command and headquarters of the Air Force, were the first to put on the new uniform. However, the corresponding order of the Ministry of Defense in pursuance of the Decree of the President was never issued, in connection with which the aviators, far from the Moscow parades, continued to wear blue uniforms until 2008-2010.

On August 13, 2004, by Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 240 for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, new insignia by type and type of troops (services) were installed on the collar or shoulder straps - without wreaths, partially returning to the emblems of the times of the USSR and even the Russian Empire. Motorized rifle troops have now received their own emblem.

In May 2005, a papakha hat with a gray cloth top trimmed with golden soutache made of astrakhan for colonels and generals was reintroduced.

Another attempt was made to change the badges to headgear, primarily a cockade. In accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 8, 2005 No. 531 (as amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 28, 2006 No. 921), Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of October 24, 2006 No. 395 introduced a single cockade for military personnel in the form of an elongated hemisphere with side surface, consisting of 32 dihedral rays of golden color with corrugated edges. The central part of the cockade is flat and consists of an ellipse and concentric stripes: the first (outer) is covered with orange enamel, the second is black, the third is orange, the ellipse in the middle is covered with black enamel. The replacement of cockades was planned gradually - by all persons consisting of military service in federal departments, not just in the Armed Forces.

Some moments of the Parade on May 9, 2007 on Red Square, which differ from existing Rules. So, paratroopers of the Airborne Forces marched in front of the stands in vests, worn under tunics with blue sewn-on shoulder straps. The trumpeters of the Consolidated Orchestra of the Moscow Military District got "swallow's nests" on their sleeves - semicircular flaps of red cloth with white trim above the top of the sleeves - like the musicians of the military bands of the Russian Imperial Army.

2008-2011

New reforms

In 2007, after the new leadership came to the Ministry of Defense, headed by A.E. Serdyukov, an active discussion began on the reform of the military uniform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. On the one hand, it was necessary to optimize the production and manufacture of field uniforms, taking into account both the two past campaigns in Chechnya, and in terms of price-quality ratio.

On the other hand, the military needed to be singled out among the mass of olive-dressed employees of the "power departments" and their units. A uniform similar to the military was worn in the bodies and troops of the FSB of Russia, the troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the Federal Drug Control Service of Russia (and before it - the tax police), the FSO of Russia and so on. In 2005, by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 8, a direct ban was introduced on wearing in "civilian departments" a uniform similar to the uniform of the military personnel of the Armed Forces. The same was confirmed by the Decree of 11.03.10: “ the uniform and insignia of persons who are not military personnel cannot be similar to the military uniform and insignia of military personnel» . Despite the fact that the “power” departments took a number of steps aimed at introducing obvious differences between their own uniforms and military uniforms, there was a need to specifically specify the military uniform.

Finally, the age-old dispute of unification (cheapness, interchangeability and simplicity) and “decoration” (increasing the prestige of service), as well as the proclaimed transition to a contract basis and a large-scale reform of the entire structure of the Armed Forces - all this led to the fact that transformations in the field of military uniforms are ripe and became an urgent need in the new conditions.

The main objects of the new transformations were the front and field types of uniforms, primarily the latter. However, for the most part, the first one fell into the area of ​​​​interest of the mass media - including due to the participation in the competition for the design of new military clothing of such a famous figure as V. A. Yudashkin (and his model house), who eventually headed project team. The fashion designer himself in a number of interviews again emphasized the need to “decorate” the form, give it an external gloss, “so that you want to serve in it.” Already in January 2008, the Russian Ministry of Defense hosted a demonstration of new parade uniforms (winter and summer) for military personnel of the Armed Forces, several variants of the field uniform of the new “figure” camouflage, as well as ceremonial uniforms for the 154 regiment OBKK. The uniform was approved by the Supreme Commander as the official uniform for the May 9, 2008 Parade and almost all subsequent ones. This made it possible not to introduce a new form of clothing by a general order, but to annually establish its summer version for the ranks as a dress uniform only for a specific event.

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 11, 2010 No. 293 "On military uniforms, insignia of servicemen and departmental insignia" approved the new form. Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 336 dated September 3, 2011 No. 1500 “On the Rules for Wearing Military Uniforms and Insignia of the Military Personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, departmental insignia and other heraldic signs established in the prescribed manner, and a special ceremonial full dress military uniform clothes of the military personnel of the guard of honor of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ", the rules for wearing and operating a new uniform were introduced, and the terms for a complete transition to it were determined - three years.

In accordance with the same Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 11, 2010 N 293 "On military uniforms, insignia of military personnel and departmental insignia" and the same Order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation "On the Rules for wearing military uniforms ..." the wearing of cockades by military personnel was restored sample 1994 instead of cockade 2006.

Nevertheless, the main task of the reform initiated by A.E. Serdyukov was to increase the combat capability of the army while optimizing military spending. In this context, the dress uniform was not a very significant problem. Much more important was the field uniform - that is, the clothes in which the soldier will have to do his immediate work, and not receive orders, present himself to superiors or walk in parades.

Dress uniform

The new uniform was officially presented for the first time at a parade in Moscow on May 9, 2008. At first glance, there was a return to the form of the Soviet Army of the 1969/1988 model, which, however, was not particularly hidden by the developers. Colored bands on caps (red, blue and black) and colored shoulder straps of cadets, soldiers and sergeants, as well as flight emblems on the crowns of Air Force officers were returned, the sizes of the crowns of the caps themselves were reduced, emblems were removed from cockades (even in the Air Force and Airborne Forces) and heraldic signs with thulium; the well-known color of the "sea wave" of the officers' and generals' uniforms of the Ground Forces (blue in the Airborne Forces and the Air Force), ceremonial sewing on the collars and cuffs of generals' uniforms and bands and visors of generals' caps returned.

However, the constructively new uniform differs both from the uniform of the 1994 model and the uniform of the Soviet Army. These differences are as follows:

• double-breasted tunics of generals have a clasp with four (and not six as in SA) buttons; single-breasted officer's tunic, as well as the tunic of soldiers, sergeants and cadets - by three (not four) buttons, which dramatically increases the neckline of the tunic, the tunic itself does not have chest pockets;
• the officers on their tunics lack buttonholes and edging along the cuffs, as, indeed, the cuffs themselves;
• general sewing is made according to a simplified technology (in particular, there are no sequins), but it has a more magnificent pattern and is uniform for all types of shapes;
• general cut and pattern of tunics - with a fitted and narrowed silhouette, especially at the waist;
• the uniform of soldiers, sergeants and cadets retained the olive shade of the 1994 model, in contrast to the khaki SA uniform.

All military personnel at the parade were wearing new sleeve insignia. The shape of the heraldic shield of the sleeve insignia according to the types, branches of service (services) of the Armed Forces partially repeated the shape of the sleeve insignia of the branches of service (services) for soldiers and sergeants of the 1969 model. New signs only in design (yellow or white-silver) resembled those approved in 1998-2004. and officially existing at that time. Both the shape of the backing and edging (heraldic shields /for units and divisions/ or an open book /for cadets and students and teachers of military institutes and academies/) and the background color (matching the tunic - sea wave, blue, gray or olive) have changed , in the upper part above the heraldic sign, the yellow (gold) inscription "RUSSIA" appeared, recalling the sign of belonging to the RF Armed Forces, which was canceled back in 2004. An emblem was installed on the left sleeve according to belonging to the type of the Armed Forces, district, command, on the right - the emblem of a specific unit (regiment), commandant's office, educational institution, brigade, up to and including a separate company.

The introduction of the new parade uniform promised to be very unhurried - after all, this uniform at the state expense was relied only on parade crews, officers and generals directly participating in the annual Moscow parade (that is, not even all deputy ministers and generals and officers of the Central Administration of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation), as well as newly minted lieutenants upon graduation from high schools. The rest had to wait for the expiration of the wearing of the old uniform and its elements, or order the entire uniform at their own expense, which was financially problematic for many military personnel.

In addition to the full dress uniform, directly shown on the paving stones of Red Square, the changes additionally affected the full dress uniform of generals, as well as the daily uniform of generals, officers, sergeants and soldiers (except for military service). The general design of all types of uniforms, the location of sewing, piping, stripes, insignia were adopted as for the dress uniform, only the base color has changed. The ceremonial uniform of the generals out of formation is gray, with trousers of the color "sea wave" (blue) with stripes and piping, a cap with a gray crown, black boots. Sewing on the collar and cuffs - as on the general dress uniform, but without the soutache edging.

Shoulder straps for dress uniforms for officers and generals remained gold, for other types of uniforms - to match the tunic, overcoat, jacket, jacket; however, the shape of the shoulder straps was changed to pentagonal, the size of the shoulder straps became slightly longer than the 1994 sample that existed at that time.

Everyday uniform

Everyday uniform generals - protective (olive) color, in the Air Force - blue, tunic with sewing on the collar as on full dress - but without soutache piping and without sewing on cuffs.

Everyday uniform officers - protective (olive) color, in the Air Force - blue.

Sergeants, soldiers and cadets as everyday form suggested to wear field camouflage(winter or summer), but with the usual, and not muted cockades, insignia and emblems.

All sleeve patches have a field to match the tunics.

Caps with a protective crown (olive, in the Air Force / later, VKS / - blue) color, with a colored band and piping according to the type of troops. The colors for the most part reproduced the scheme of 1988. A cockade was attached to the band, the generals had stylized bay leaves framed by rich gold sewn, like on dress caps. An emblem was attached to the crowns of officers and generals of the Air Force - a yellow metal winged star. All servicemen on their caps (except conscripts) have a yellow truncal strap.

The officers and generals of the Airborne Forces retained a blue woolen beret as the main headdress; in full dress they were allowed to wear a blue striped vest instead of a shirt (as were the servicemen of the GRU Spetsnaz units).

Winter hats remained unchanged.

All officers and generals were waiting for the return of a gray (in the Airborne Forces and the Air Force - blue) coat for a winter uniform (double-breasted, with six buttons / two upper ones - decorative /, with narrow lapels only for open wear / fasten entirely along the board like an overcoat a new coat it was impossible - the design did not allow /, for generals - edges on the side, collar, strap, pockets, in addition, the generals were supposed to have a fur collar). The papakha of generals (with a red or blue / Air Force, Airborne Forces and Aerospace Forces / cap trimmed with gold soutache) and colonels (with a gray cap and the same soutache) was also preserved, officers serving in the commandant's office of Moscow could also wear astrakhan hats ( at your own expense and on an individual basis).

Additionally, generals and officers relied on a demi-season protective (blue) jacket (high-ranking officers - black, leather, with or without a removable collar made of astrakhan fur) with a winter uniform, as well as a demi-season protective (blue) cloak (high-ranking officers - black leather ) with summer uniforms;

The coats of sergeants and soldiers became single-breasted, five-button, olive-colored, with a traditional turn-down collar (with emblems of the military branches), colored sewn-on shoulder straps, and had no piping.

Gloves, belts (for combat uniforms), boots and winter low shoes, socks - black.

The new form of military women

For female servicemen, astrakhan berets for winter uniforms were additionally installed to a fur astrakhan stand-up collar and a fitted cropped coat (for officers - gray or blue). A cap with a cockade became a summer headdress for women.

Significantly changed in design dresses and skirts, which have become more fitted in shape.

For female military personnel with an officer rank, a full dress uniform of the color "sea wave" or blue, a coat of gray (blue) was supposed; dress uniform of sergeants and privates - olive. Exactly the same color was established everyday uniform (except for the Airborne Forces and the Air Force).

A white muffler was supposed to go with the dress uniform, and olive or blue for everyday wear.

The ceremonial uniform of the units of the guard of honor of the Preobrazhensky Regiment

undergone radical changes ceremonial uniform mouth OBPC(separate guard of honor battalion) of the 154th Separate commandant's (since 2013 - Preobrazhensky) regiment, resembling in appearance the ceremonial uniform of the ORKK 1958-1971. This form was unequivocally approved and accepted as valid already in 2008 and has not changed significantly since then.

Each of the two companies of the OBPK retained a three-platoon composition with a specific uniform (ground forces - the base of the "sea wave", the device is red, the Air Force - the base is blue, the device is blue, the Navy is black). The obligatory aiguillette, the dress cap with a filigree strap and the dress belt for all soldiers and officers have been preserved. On the bands (instrument color) around the cockade, on the collars (base color) and cuffs (instrument color) there is highly stylized sewing in the form of gilded bay leaves (with natural gilding). On the collar, crown and band of the cap, in the center along the sleeve, on the seams of the back and flaps, on the breeches - piping in instrument color. On the chest there is an open instrument-colored lapel (for sergeants and soldiers - a false one, with a fastener in front with buttons). Shoulder straps were left the same pattern. Later, the emblem of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation returned to the crowns of the caps.

The winter ceremonial uniform of the OBPK at the May 2008 parade of the year could not be shown, but it became no less impressive - a radically fitted, five-button gray overcoat-coat narrowed downwards with a standing astrakhan collar, for officers - double-breasted (aixelbow and parade belt - obligatory ), with piping along the false lapel, the length of the sleeves, pockets and a strap, a hat with earflaps made of gray astrakhan fur, with a cockade with an emblem of laurel leaves.

field uniform

In 2010-2011, a new change in the military uniform completely affected the field uniform. New models of uniforms for officers and generals were introduced (for example, sweaters, similar in design to the wool jackets of the US Army). On all samples field uniform shoulder straps instead of their traditional placement on the shoulders were transferred to the chest and sleeves, Velcro elements appeared. The main camouflage for all types of field clothing was the "number" developed by 2008. It should be remembered that for soldiers, sergeants, warrant officers (already liquidated as a category of military personnel in 2011, but soon restored) and cadets, the field uniform was at the same time everyday - with the corresponding cockades and a headset.

Field winter and summer jackets acquired a stand-up collar, special headgear was developed especially for the winter uniform (although they left earflaps). For the summer uniform, it was decided to introduce khaki berets (with the preservation of blue berets in the Airborne Forces) with the prospect of completely abandoning the cap - it was planned that the berets would differ in color depending on the type or type of troops, units, etc.

New types of equipment, protective equipment (Kevlar helmets, goggles) and camouflage were developed, as well as equipment for special forces. Many elements of the uniform underwent a special experimental wear in military units in the Far North, tundra, desert, etc.

A parade on Red Square on May 9, 2011 became a kind of review of the new field uniform. It was a one-of-a-kind parade in which all the troops passing in front of the stands (with the exception of the RPK, the Parade Commander and the Consolidated Orchestra, as well as the troops of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs) were dressed in different types field camouflage uniform. For all participants in the parade (except those mentioned above), olive-colored berets became a single headgear (for units of the Air Force, Aerospace Forces and Airborne Forces, as well as the Separate GRU Special Forces Brigade - blue).

The new form has received mixed reactions. Especially a lot of criticism was caused by the placement of shoulder straps and insignia, although the very idea of ​​​​a new field uniform and its samples did not cause significant complaints, including from specialists.

Once again, the new uniform became the subject of heated public discussion in November 2011, after it became known about the massive colds of conscript soldiers in one of the garrisons who used the new uniform as everyday, which, according to many experts, could cause a cold. The general degree of discussion of the problem turned out to be so high that V. Yudashkin was forced to publicly renounce his authorship in this project: according to him, his original project was greatly modified by the military specialists of the Central Military University [ to clarify the Ministry of Emergency Situations  of Russia. Despite the fact that the regulations on the form of clothing and the rules for wearing it remained in force, the new leadership immediately initiated a number of significant and minor changes:

• changed the pattern of shoulder straps of army generals, which, in fact, became a copy of the Soviet model, introduced in the mid-1970s;
• a new field uniform was installed - in fact, a somewhat updated existing one, but now with shoulder straps not on the chest, but again on the shoulders;
• sleeve patches for camouflage shirts and jackets were introduced, similar to sleeve patches for a tunic (colored for everyday uniforms and muted for field uniforms), as well as a semicircular plastisol tricolor with a yellow frame in the upper part of the sleeve (similar to the existing badge in the Russian Emergencies Ministry); the method of attaching patches has been changed - now they are attached to field and office uniforms with Velcro;
• new design patches were introduced on camouflage jackets and shirts above the front pockets - on the right side "Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", on the left side the surname and initials of the serviceman (colored for everyday uniform and muted for field uniform);
• the army belt with a copper badge has been canceled;
• it is prescribed to wear award badges and straps on the top summer shirt of officers and generals;
• shoulder straps of a special pattern were installed for employees of the Russian Ministry of Defense who do not have military ranks, according to class ranks; for employees without military ranks, white instrument metal and white (silver) embroidery are installed instead of yellow (gold);
• the design of the tunics of the highest command staff has been changed (on six buttons, and not on four);
• the heraldic emblem was returned to the dress caps of generals.

Other changes

• Since 08/01/2015, the military personnel of the Aerospace Forces have been wearing the so-called " aviation personnel insignia” (similar to the one worn on the crowns of officers in the USSR Air Force) in the form of wings and a star resting on them. Prior to this, military personnel of the VVKO wore a heraldic emblem of a kind of troops on the crown (order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 1500 of 2011).
• Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated September 20, 2016 No. 485 for officers and midshipmen of the Navy, white closed tunics were introduced instead of white summer jackets.

Field uniform changes

In the field form, the novelty was reduced mainly to the following. According to a representative of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the new set of ordinary field uniforms for military personnel includes 19 items of clothing, the cost of one such set today is about 35,000 rubles, while special forces soldiers are entitled to an expanded set of equipment.

The set of new field clothes for a soldier and an officer includes the following items:

• suit;
• various types of jackets that differ in seasonality;
• vest;
• hat and beret;
• boots for different seasons (3 types);
• gloves and mittens;
• balaclava.

The new uniform is based on the principle of layering. Military personnel can independently combine uniform items, depending on the tasks assigned to them and weather conditions. The new set of field uniforms is the same for both soldiers and officers. The new uniform consists of several types of jackets, a vest, a beret, a hat, boots of 3 types (summer, winter and demi-season), mittens, gloves. For the first time, a balaclava was included in the equipment of military personnel. The new uniform is made from a blended fabric of 65% cotton and 35% polymer materials.

The uniform provides 2 different sets for wearing in conditions of air temperature above +15 and from +15 to -40 degrees. In the first set, underwear is a short-sleeved T-shirt and boxer shorts. The underwear is worn directly on the body and has the characteristics required for the comfort of military personnel:

• quickly absorbs moisture and dries;
• provides the necessary air exchange.

For cold weather, 2 sets of underwear are provided: lightweight and fleece. Each of them can be worn directly on the body or fleece over a lightweight one (in severe frosts). Lightweight underwear differs from the basic summer set with an extended sleeve and long underpants [ clarify] . In fleece, the wrong side is fleecy, a warming layer is provided.

For summer conditions, a field suit consists of a light jacket, trousers, a beret (kepi) and summer boots. For tailoring, mechanical stretch is used, additionally treated with a water-repellent composition. In places where there is the greatest load, the suit is reinforced. The rules for wearing military uniforms allow you to use a fleece jacket with a thick pile on both sides in cool weather. The jacket has a layer of thermal insulation. The jacket itself can be rolled up to a minimum volume. A windbreaker jacket is provided for wind protection.

For cold weather conditions, the main suit is demi-season. It protects well from the wind. The material from which the suit is sewn has a high vapor permeability and dries quickly. For special field conditions, military personnel will be able to use a wind and waterproof suit, which will provide protection from moisture even in a downpour. This is achieved through a special membrane that "breathes", but does not let wind and water through. The seams of the suit are taped for greater reliability.

For cold weather, an insulated vest is also provided in the equipment. These elements - a suit and a vest - are compact and lightweight. Made from wind and water resistant fabrics. Additionally, in cold weather, you can wear a balaclava that can be worn as a hat, and an insulated hat for very cold weather.

Hot climate shape

The first type of uniform is a shirt with short sleeves, a turn-down collar, chest pockets with flaps and a zipper, with attached shoulder straps, trousers, boots in the base color. The headdress is a soft cap with a hard visor (“baseball cap”) with a field cockade. The general cut of the uniform is similar to that of the office uniform. Under the shirt is a base color T-shirt. Shorts may be worn instead of trousers. The placement of insignia and various departmental emblems is similar to office uniforms. All signs and emblems are muted or in the tone of the main color. Award bars are not worn on clothing (although Heroes of Russia often wear the Golden Star in practice without other awards or bars).

The second type of uniform is an elongated jacket with a zipper, with shoulder straps on shoulder straps, patch chest and side pockets (it is allowed to wear a jacket with rolled up sleeves) and trousers in ankle boots. Under the jacket is a base color T-shirt. The jacket can be worn with or without a belt. This form is made of a fabric of a lighter shade. All elements of the form are of the same color.

External images Scheme placement official military symbols insignia insignia personalized insignia distinction and designations on uniform clothing (new model) military personnel Scheme placement official military symbols insignia insignia personalized insignia distinction and designations on uniform clothes (new model) federal civil state employees of the Ministry of Defense 

a) a green soft cap (blue in the Air Force, Aerospace Forces and black in the Navy) color, darker and brighter than the usual everyday colors of the uniform, without piping, band matching the crown, black lacquered visor, yellow woven truncal strap; on the band - a cockade of the established pattern, for generals - with sewing on the band and visor as on the front and everyday caps; on the crown in the Air Force, Airborne Forces, Aerospace Forces - a flight emblem; for military personnel of the Airborne Forces, a blue beret is left;

b) a shirt of dense fabric with a turn-down collar, with long or short (at temperatures above +25°C) sleeves (in the color of the cap), chest pockets with flaps, side pockets with a hidden zipper, a common fastener - with a zipper, with drawstring shoulder straps; worn with an open collar, without a tie, over trousers; on the sleeves there are signs of belonging, as on a tunic, and a plastisol tricolor of a semicircular shape and a yellow frame in the upper part of the sleeve (similar to the same sign in the Russian Emergencies Ministry), on the chest - a sign on the right: a yellow rectangular outline, inside the inscription: "Armed Forces of the Russian Federation ”, the sign on the left is the same rectangle with the surname and initials of the serviceman; award straps, signs of higher educational institutions, etc. are worn on the shirt - as on a tunic;

c) a white (blue) T-shirt to be worn under a shirt (in the Airborne Forces and the Navy - vests with blue and black stripes, respectively);

d) straight-cut trousers in the color of the shirt and cap, without stripes and piping.

For wearing in the cold season, a basic-colored jacket with a fastened hood with fur lining, with attached shoulder straps and sleeve insignia similar to shirts is provided, it is allowed to wear a hat with earflaps instead of a cap. Shoulder straps on the jacket - hard galloon viscose with gaps, on counter-epaulettes, or clutches. On shoulder straps are placed golden metal stars in accordance with the military rank and emblems of the military branch.

The order specifically states that the office uniform cannot be used as a field uniform.

In 2013-2014 A number of changes have been made to the office uniform, primarily concerning top command staff:

• sewing was introduced on the band and visor of the cap, as on full dress, but without the soutache border along the edge of the visor;
• the wearing of a heraldic emblem on the crown (except for the VVS-VKS), small gold leaves at the ends of the collar was established;
• for the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation on the right - the sign of the Minister based on the heraldic sign.

Since 2016, an analogue (made of simpler materials, with a simpler design) of an office uniform has been installed - for soldiers and sergeants.

The form of employees of defense control centers

Military police uniform

In March 2015, the Charter of the Military Police Armed Forces Russian Federation was approved. Military police uniforms of the combined arms model of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, regardless of categories (except for the Navy), are established for the military personnel of the Military Police.

The insignia of special distinction of military personnel of the Military Police of Russia are takes a red color and a black shoulder badge with the inscription "MILITARY POLICE" and the abbreviation "VP".

Add-ons

The re-equipment of the army with a new uniform in all its forms was completed by the end of 2015.

• In 2015, the design of sleeve insignia was changed to field and office (shirts and jackets) uniforms - in particular, the tricolor adopted rectangular shape and formed a single whole with the emblem on the shield, the shield also acquired the classic "French" form (the edging of the shield according to the device, the field - according to the base); at the bottom of the shield (under the tricolor) is placed the established emblem of the branch of service or service.

• Since 2016, on the camouflage uniform, the metal signs of the military branches on the collar of the jacket and shirt have been replaced with embroidered yellow or gray-green (in the "muted version" for the field uniform) silk - the same pattern on a rectangular base with red (in the "muted version" - gray-green) edging. The metal cockade on field caps is also replaced by an embroidered cockade (gray and green silk).