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Proper reading of prayer for men. How do men pray

22.06.2023

One of the obligatory pillars of Islam, which every Muslim must fulfill, is the fivefold prayer (salat) to Allah Almighty at the set time of the day. At the same time, certain conditions must be met in order to perform prayer. How to perform namaz correctly and what should every Muslim know before performing it?

How to read namaz correctly - preparation

Before proceeding to prayer, it is necessary to perform a small (wudu) ablution or, if necessary, a complete (ghusl).

In addition to ablution, the following conditions must also be met:

  • Vestments. For women, it is allowed to leave open the feet and hands, face. In this case, the head, including the hair, must be covered. In men, the head remains uncovered.
  • Prayer should be performed towards the Kaaba (Mecca, Saudi Arabia).
  • For a certain prayer, a certain time must be observed.
  • It is necessary to express the intention to perform prayer (in the shower).

If all of the above points are fulfilled, then you can begin to perform prayer.

How to read namaz correctly. Five obligatory daily prayers: names and times

  • Fajr is the morning prayer. This salad is performed from dawn until full sunrise, when the sun has completely crossed the horizon.
  • Zuhr is the noon prayer. You can pray a few minutes after the sun passes its zenith. The period in which you need to have time to pray ends with the beginning of the Asr prayer.
  • Asr is the evening prayer. The start is about two hours before sunset and you need to be in time before the sun begins to hide behind the horizon.
  • Maghrib - evening prayer. Evening prayer should be performed immediately after sunset, until the moment when there is still an evening glow.
  • Isha is the night prayer. With the onset of the late evening, when it is already completely dark outside, you can perform Isha prayer. Its time spans all night until dawn.

How to read namaz correctly - rules

Consider the performance of prayer using the example of the morning Fajr prayer (consists of 2 ra'kaats). It is important that the prayer reads prayer to himself or in a whisper.

  • Stand towards the Kaaba. Lower your arms along the body and you need to look at the floor, about a meter away from you. Do not close your eyes.


  • Then the arms are bent at the elbow, open palms are raised from oneself to the level of the ears, the takbir is pronounced: “Allahu Akbar!” (Allah is Great!). In this case, the fingers should be connected together. After pronouncing the takbir, one should not do any actions that may violate the prayer, because it will not be taken into account by the Almighty (laugh, talk, look around, scratch something, and so on).


  • After the hands are connected on the stomach above the navel. In this case, the right hand is placed on the left, clasping it in the wrist. The first ra'kaat of prayer begins. Sanah is read - the praise of Allah:

"Subhanaka-llahumma wa-bi-hamdika wa-tabaraka-smuka wa-ta'ala jadduka wa jalla sana'uka wa-la 'ilaha gairuk" ("Glorious are You, O Allah, in Your Purity! We begin with praise to You. Blessed be the Name Thine. Great is Thy Power. Mighty is Thy Glory. There is no god but Thee.")


  • After it is pronounced: “A’uzu bi-l-lyakhi mina-sh-sheitani-r-rajim!” (“I resort to the protection of Allah from the damned and outcast shaitan!”).
  • Next, you need to read Surah Al-Fatiha (“Opening”).

Bi-smi-llahi-r-rahmani-r-rahim.
Al-hamdu li-llahi rabbi-l-alamin.
Ar-rahmani-r-rahim.
Maaliki yawmi-d-din.
Iyyaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'in.
Ikhdina-s-siraata-l-mustakim.
Siraata-l-lyaziina an'amta aleihim.
Gayri-l-magdubi aleihim wa la-d-daaaalliin.

In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds,
Gracious, Merciful,
Lord of the Day of Retribution!
You alone we worship and You alone we pray for help.
Lead us to the straight path
the path of those whom You have favored, not those on whom anger has fallen, and not those who have gone astray.

  • After completing the opening sura, you need to say: "Amen!" and immediately another surah is read. It can be sura "An-us" (People), "Al-ihlas" (Purification of faith), "Al-falak" (Dawn) or any other by heart.
  • After the second surah, the takbir “Allahu Akbar” is again pronounced with a raise of hands and a waist bow (hand) is performed. At the same time, open palms fall to their knees, it is pronounced: “Subhana rabbia-l-azim!” (Glory to the Lord the Greatest!) - 3 times.


  • Then, rising, it is said: “Sami’a-l-lahu estuary hamidah!” (Allah hears those who praise Him!).
  • When fully extended: "Rabbana wa-laka-l-hamd!" (Our Lord, all praise is only to You) and takbir: “Allahu Akbar!”.


  • After the takbir, a prostration (sujud) is done. It is performed as follows. The knees begin to bend, then you need to stand on them, then lower your hands in front of you and touch your forehead and nose to the floor. Hands at this time should be closed at ear level. In this case, the feet remain on the toes. It is pronounced: “Subhana rabbiyya-l-a’la!” (Glory to the Lord Supreme) - 3 times.


  • Then takbir and, without getting up, sit on the left leg, bending the foot under you with the toe inward, and straighten the right one parallel to the floor. The palms are placed on the knees, the fingers are connected and the hands are along the thighs. Then “Allahu Akbar” is pronounced again and makes a second bow with a threefold repetition of the phrase: “Subhana Rabbiya-l-a’la”.


  • Next, takbir "Allahu Akbar" and you need to stand in reverse order. First, hands and head come off the floor, and then you need to get up from your haunches and straighten up. Thus ends the first ra'kaat.


  • This is followed by the repetition of the first ra'kaat and at the end of the second waist bow, the takbir is pronounced and again you need to sit on your feet. In this case, the index finger of the right hand must be straightened towards the Kaaba. The prayers "Tashakhhud" and "Salyavat" are read. During these prayers, the straightened finger should move up and down without stopping.

“At-tahiyyatu li-llahi wa-s-salavat wa-t-tayyibat! As-salamu ‘alaika ayyuha-n-nabiyyu wa-rahmatu-llahi wa-barakatuh! As-salamu ‘alayna wa-‘ala ibadi-llahi-s-salihin! Ashhadu ‘al-la ‘ilaha ila-llahu, wa-‘ashhadu ‘anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa-rasulukh! (All greetings are to Allah, all prayers and righteous deeds. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of Allah and His blessings! Peace be upon us and all the righteous servants of Allah. I testify that there is no deity but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and envoy.)

Salawat: “Allahumma sally ‘ala Muhammadiv-wa-‘ala ‘ali Muhammadin kama sallayta ‘ala Ibrahima wa-‘ala ‘ali Ibrahim, innaka hamidun-majid. Allahumma barik 'ala Muhammadiv-wa-'ala 'ali Muhammadin kama barakta 'ala Ibrahima wa-'ala 'ali Ibrahima, innaka hamidun-majid ”(O Allah! Bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Indeed "You are Glorious, Praiseworthy and Great. O Allah! Show Your bounty to Muhammad and his family, as You bestowed Your generosity on Ibrahim and his family. Verily, You are Glorified, Praiseworthy and Great).


  • After salawat, you need to turn your head to the right and say: “As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatu-l-lah” (Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah), and then to the left and again: “As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatu-l-lah.”
  • Fajr prayer is over. All other prayers, except Maghreb, consist of 4 ra'kaats. After the first two, when the tashahud is spoken to “Ashhadu ‘al-la’ ilahu illa-llahu ...”, the takbir “Allahu Akbar!” is said again, you need to rise and repeat two more ra’kaats. Maghrib consists of 3 ra'kaats.


Before you start praying, you need to familiarize yourself with when it is impossible to perform prayer, what violates prayer, how to do ablution and much more. At first it may seem that everything is very complicated, but it is not! The most important thing is that after prayer you will feel inner peace and satisfaction! Peace be upon you and the blessings of Allah!

News from Islamic countries

19.09.2017

The Hanafi madhhab is the most popular, tolerant and most widespread madhhab in the world of Islam. Among Sunnis, more than 85% of Muslims are Hanafi.

For those who decide to start prayer, I advise you to start by learning the suras, verses and words that we pronounce during prayer. It is necessary to learn correctly and without picking the words. And the movements performed during prayer are the easiest to learn.

Here I offer everything you need to know in prayer:

I suggest you print them out and carry them with you all the time and read them everywhere. Learn very quickly, in about 1 - 2 days. It is not difficult.

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1. Surah Al-Fatiha

Al-hamdu lil-lyahi rabbil-‘alamin.

Ar-rahmanir-rahim.

Myaliki yaumid-din.

Iyyakya na'budu wa iyyakya nasta'in.

Ihdinas-syratal-mustakym.

Syratal-lyazina an'amta ‘aleihim geyril-magdubi ‘aleihim wa lad-dallin.

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2. Sura "Al-ihlas" Koran sura 112

Kul huwal-lahu ahad.

Allahus Samad.

Lam yalid wa lam yulad wa lam yakul-lahu kufuvan ahad

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3. Tahiyyat

At-tahiyyatu lil-lyahi was-salavat vat-tayyibat. As-salamu ‘alayka ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa rahmatul-lahi wa barakatuh. As-salamu ‘alayna wa ‘ala ‘ibadil-lyakhis-salihin. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa-llahu wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuluh.

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4. Salavat

Allahumma sally 'ala Muhammadin wa 'ala ali Muhammad

Kama salleyta ‘ala Ibrahim wa ‘ala ali Ibrahim

Innaka hamidun majid.

Allahumma barik ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad

Kama barakta ‘ala Ibrahim wa ‘ala ali Ibrahim

Innaka Hamidun Majid

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5. Sura "Al-Baqarah", 201st ayat

Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan va fil-akhirati hasanat va kyna ‘azaban-nar.

____________________

6. “Subhaanakyal-lahumma va bihamdik, va tabaarakyasmuk, va ta‘alaya jadduk, va laya ilyayahe gairuk”

__________________

7. "Subhaana rabbiyal-‘azym"

8. "Sami'a llaahu li men hamideh"

____________________

9. "Rabbanaa lakyal-hamd"

______________________

10. "Subhaana rabbiyal-a'lyaya"

______________________

11. "As-salamu" "alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh"".

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ATTENTION: after reading the sura "Al-Fatiha", the word "Amin" is said quietly so that even the neighbor cannot hear. Shouting the word "Amin" is not allowed!!! Feet during prayer, put on the width of the shoulders.

Salat (prayer, namaz) is the pillar of religion. Doing it correctly, in accordance with the Sunnah, is the duty of every Muslim. Unfortunately, we are often careless about the fulfillment of this basic precept of religion, following our whims, caring little about praying in accordance with the order that has come down to us from the Prophet.

That is why most of our prayers remain deprived of the blessings of the Sunnah, although their fulfillment in accordance with all the rules will not require much time and labor from us. All that is required of us is a little effort and diligence. If we spend a little time and attention to learn the correct way to pray and make it a habit, then the time we now spend praying will remain the same, but due to the fact that our prayers will be performed in accordance with the Sunnah , the blessings and rewards for them will be much greater than before.

The noble Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all, paid great attention to the performance of each act of prayer, while continuing to learn to observe the Sunnah of the Prophet from each other. Due to this necessity, this modest article collects the methods of prayer practice according to the Sunnah according to the Hanafi madhhab and indicates the errors in prayer, which have become widespread in our time. By the mercy of Allah, the listeners found this work very useful. Some of my friends have wanted to make this article available in print so that more people can benefit from its advice. Thus, the purpose of this brief review is to explain the performance of prayer according to the Sunnah and its application in practice with due attention. May Almighty Allah make this work useful for all of us and give us tawfiq in this.

By the Grace of Allah, there are a large number of books, large and small, which describe the performance of prayer. Therefore, the purpose of this work is not to present an exhaustive description of prayer and its rules, we will focus only on a few important points that will help bring the form of prayer in line with the requirements of the Sunnah. Another purpose of this work is the need to warn against errors in prayer, which have become widespread in our day. InshaAllah, the brief advice given here will help bring our prayers in line with the Sunnah (at least the appearance of our prayers) so that a Muslim can humbly stand before the Lord.

Before starting prayer:

You must be sure that all of the following is done correctly.

1. It is necessary to stand up, turning towards the qibla.

2. You need to stand straight, your eyes should look at the place where you will bow to the ground (sajda). Bowing the neck and resting the chin on the chest is undesirable (makruh). It is also wrong to assume such a position when your chest is tilted. Stand up straight so that your eyes are fixed on the place where you are prostrating (sajda).

3. Pay attention to the location of your feet - they should also be directed towards the qibla (to deviate the feet to the right or left is also contrary to the Sunnah). Both feet should be turned towards the qibla.

4. The gap between both feet should be small, the size of four fingers.

5. If you are praying jama'at (collectively), you need to be sure that you are all standing in a straight line. The best way to make the line straight is for each person to place the ends of both heels at the very end of the prayer mat, or on the line that is marked on the mat (which separates one part of the mat from the other).

6. When you stand in Jama'at, make sure that your hands are in close contact with the hands of those who are standing to your right and left, and that there are no gaps between you.

7. Leaving the ankles closed is unacceptable, under any conditions. Obviously, the unacceptability of this during prayer increases. So make sure the clothes you wear are higher than your ankles.

8. Sleeves should be long enough to cover the entire arm. Only the hands can be left open. Some people pray with their sleeves rolled up. It is not right.

9. It is also reprehensible (makruh) to pray in such clothes that you would not wear in public.

When you start a prayer:

1. Make a niyat or intention in your heart that you are going to pray such and such a prayer. There is no need to say the words of intention out loud.

2. Raise your hands up to your ears so that your palms are facing the direction of the qibla, the ends of your thumbs should touch or run parallel to your earlobes. The rest of the fingers stand straight and point up. There are those (who, while praying), turn their palms (more) towards their ears, and not towards the qibla. Some practically cover their ears with their hands. Some make a kind of weak symbolic gesture without raising their hands all the way to their ears. Some grab part of the ear with their hand. All these actions are wrong and contrary to the Sunnah, so they should be abandoned.

3. Raising your hands in this way up, say: "Allahu Akbar." Then, using the thumb and little finger of the right hand, wrap them around the wrist of the left hand and hold it in this way. Then, you must position the three remaining fingers of the right hand (behind) of the left hand in such a way that these three fingers are facing towards the elbow.

4. Position your hands slightly below your navel, positioning them as described above.

Standing:

1. If you perform your prayer alone or lead it as an imam, first of all, say du'a Sana; then the sura "Al-Fatiha", then a few more suras. If you are following the Imam, you should only recite Du'a Sana and then stand silently listening attentively to the Imam's recitation. If you do not hear the reading of the Imam, you should recite Surah Al-Fatiha mentally in your heart, but without moving your tongue.

2. When you read (namaz) yourself, it will be better if you, reading Al-Fatiha, hold your breath on each verse and begin the next verse with a new breath. Do not read more than one verse in one breath. For example, hold your breath on (verse): “Alhamdulillahi Rabbil-Aa’lyamiin,” and then on: “Ar-Rahmani-r-Rahim,” and then on: “Maliki yyaumid’din.” Recite the entire Surah Al-Fatihah in this way. But it will not be a mistake if you recite more than one verse in one breath.

3. Do not move any part of the body unnecessarily. Stay calm - the quieter the better. If you want to scratch or do something similar, use only one hand, but don't do it unless absolutely necessary, using a minimum of time and effort.

4. Transferring the entire weight of the body to only one leg so that the other leg remains as if in weightlessness, so that the body acquires a certain bend, will be against the etiquette of prayer. Refrain from it. It's best to distribute your body weight equally on both legs, or if you do need to shift your entire body weight onto one leg, you need to do it in such a way that the other leg doesn't flex (make a curved line).

5. If you feel the urge to yawn, try to refrain from doing so.

6. When you stand in prayer, fix your eyes on the place where you prostrate. Refrain from looking left, right, or straight ahead.

When you make a waist bow (ruku’):

When you bend down for a waist bow (ruku’), watch out for the following:

1. Tilt your upper body so that your neck and back are almost level (one line). Do not lean above or below this level.

2. When doing ruku, do not bend your neck so that your chin touches your chest, do not raise your neck above the level of the chest. The neck and chest should be at the same level.

3. In the hand 'keep your feet straight. Do not position them sloping in or out.

4. Place both of your hands on your knees so that the fingers of both hands are not closed. In other words, when you hold your right knee with your right hand and your left knee with your left, there should be space between every two fingers.

5. When you stand in a waist bow, your wrists and arms should remain straight. They should not bend or twist.

6. Remain in a waist bow for at least the time during which you can calmly say three times: "Subhan Rabbiyal-Azym."

7. When you are in a waist bow, your eyes should be fixed on the soles of your feet.

8. Body weight should be distributed on both feet and both knees should be parallel to each other.

When you get up from ruku position:

1. As you rise from the arm position back to the standing position, be sure to stand straight without twisting or twisting your body.

2. In this position, the eyes should also be fixed on the place where you are prostrating (sajda).

3. Sometimes someone just pretends to stand up straight instead of getting up completely and standing straight, sometimes someone starts to perform sajda without straightening up properly from the position of the ruku’. In this case, it becomes obligatory for them to make the prostration again. So try to refrain from it. If you are not sure that you have straightened up properly from the position of the ruku’, do not start prostrating (sajda).

When you make a sajda (bow to the earth):

Remember the following rules when performing sajda:

1. First of all, bend your knees and stand (knees) on the prayer mat in such a way that your chest does not lean forward. The chest should be lowered when the knees are already on the floor.

2. Until you kneel on the floor, refrain as much as possible from bending or lowering your upper body. This particular rule of prayer etiquette has become especially common in our day. Many people immediately bow their chest, starting to descend into sajda. But the correct method is the one described above. If this (the above) is not done for a serious reason, this rule cannot be neglected.

3. After you kneel down, you lower yourself onto your hands, then lower the tip of your nose, then your forehead.

In sajda (prostration):

1. While in prostration, hold your head between your two hands so that the ends of your thumbs are parallel to your earlobes.

2. In prostration, the fingers of both hands should remain pressed to each other, there should be no space between them.

3. Fingers should be directed towards the qibla.

4. Elbows should remain elevated off the floor. Putting your elbows on the floor is wrong.

5. Hands should be kept away from the armpits and sides. Do not cover your sides and armpits with your elbows.

6. At the same time, do not keep your elbows too wide apart, thus creating discomfort for those who are praying next to you.

7. The hips should not touch the stomach, keep the hips and stomach apart from each other.

8. During the entire prostration, the tip of the nose should remain pressed to the floor.

9. Both feet should be placed vertically on the floor, with the heels pointing up and the toes curled up, pressed to the floor and pointing towards the qibla. If someone cannot do this for some physiological reason, he should tuck his fingers as far as possible. It is wrong to place the toes parallel to the floor without serious reasons.

10. Be careful that your feet do not come off the floor during the entire prostration. Some people perform sajda without resting even one of their toes on the floor for a moment. In this case, their prostration is considered unfulfilled, respectively, the entire prayer becomes invalid. Watch very carefully to refrain from such a mistake.

11. It takes so much time to be in the position of sajdah so that you can calmly say “Subhan Rabbiyal-Aa’la” three times. Raising your head from the floor as soon as your forehead touches the ground is prohibited.

Between two prostrations:

1. Rising from the first bow to the ground, sit straight on your hips, calmly and comfortably. Then make a second earthly bow (sajda). Making a second prostration, without straightening, immediately after you raise your head a little, is a sin. If someone makes (bow to the ground) in this way, he will have to start the prayer again.

2. Pull your left leg under you (like the blade of a hockey stick). Place your right foot upright with your toes pointing towards the qibla. Some people tuck both legs under them and sit on their heels. It is not right.

3. While you are sitting, both hands should be on the thighs, but the fingers should not go down (on the knees themselves), the tips of the fingers should only reach the place where the edge of the knee begins.

4. While you are sitting, your eyes should be fixed on your knees.

5. You should remain in the sitting position for as long as you can say: "Subhanallah" - at least once. If you say while sitting (between two earthly prostrations): “Allahumma gfirli varhamni vasturni vahdini varzukni,” it will be even better. But it is not necessary to do this during the fard prayer (obligatory prayer), it is better to do it when performing the nafil prayer (additional prayer).

The second bow to the earth and the rise after it (rising after it):

1. Make the second prostration in the same order as the first - first place both hands on the floor, then the tip of the nose, then the forehead.

2. The complete performance of the earthly bow should be the same as mentioned above in connection with the first earthly bow.

3. When you rise from the sajda position, first lift your forehead off the floor, then the tip of your nose, then both hands, then your knees.

4. When getting up, it is better not to lean on the floor for support, however, if it is difficult to do (it is difficult to get up without support) due to body weight, illness or old age, lean on the floor for support is allowed.

5. After you rise to your original position, say: “Bismillah,” before reciting Surah Al-Fatiha at the beginning of each rak'at.

In the position of ka'da (sitting between two rak'ats of prayer):

1. Sitting in a position (ka'da) should be done in the same way as it was described above in the part where it was said about sitting between two earthly prostrations.

2. When you reach the words: “Ashhadu alla ilaha”, - when reading (du’a) “At-tahiyyat”, you should raise your index finger with a pointing movement and lower it back when you say: “il-Allah”.

3. How to make a pointing movement: you make a circle, connecting your middle and thumb fingers, close your little finger and ring finger (the one next to it), then raise your index finger so that it points towards the qibla. It should not be lifted straight up towards the sky.

4. Lowering the index finger, it is put back in the same position that it had before the start of the pointing movement.

When you turn around (to say salaam):

1. When you turn to say salam to both sides, you should turn your neck so that your cheek is visible to those who are sitting behind you.

2. When you turn to (say) salaam, your eyes should be fixed on your shoulders.

3. Turning your neck to the right with the words: “As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatullah,” have the intention to greet all people and angels on the right. In the same way, when giving salaam to the left, have the intention of saluting all the people and angels to your left.

How to make dua

1. Raise both your arms up so that they are in front of your chest. Leave a small space between both hands. Don't keep your hands close together and don't keep them far apart.

2. During the du'a, the inside of the hands should be facing the face.

Namaz for women

The above method of praying is for men. Namaz performed by women differs from men in some respects. Women should be careful about the following:

1. Before starting prayer, women should make sure that their entire body, except for the face, hands and feet, is covered with clothing. Sometimes women pray with their hair open on their heads. Some leave their wrists open. Some use a scarf so thin or small that dangling locks of hair can be seen through it. If during prayer at least a quarter of any part of the body remains open for such a time, which is enough to say: “Subhan Rabbial-Azym”, three times, then such a prayer becomes invalid. However, if a smaller part of the body remains open, the prayer will be valid, but (on such a prayer) sin still remains.

2. For women, praying in a room is better than on a veranda, and doing it on a veranda is better than doing it in a courtyard.

3. At the beginning of the prayer, women do not need to raise their hands to their ears, they only need to raise them to shoulder level. And the hands should be raised inside a scarf or other covering. You should not take your hands out from under the covers.

4. When women fold their arms across their chests, they should simply place the palm of their right hand over the end of their left hand. Folding your hands at the level of the navel, like men, is not necessary.

5. In a waist bow (ruku '), women do not have to completely align their backs, like men. Also, they should not bend as low as men.

6. In the position, the man's hand should wrap his fingers around his knees, women only need to put their hands on their knees so that the fingers are close to each other, that is, so that there is space between the fingers.

7. Women should not keep their legs completely straight, instead they should bend their knees slightly forward.

8. In the ruku position, men should keep their arms outstretched to the sides from the sides. Women, on the contrary, should press their hands to their sides.

9. Women should keep both legs close together. Both knees should be almost connected so that there is no distance between them.

10. When performing sajda, men should not lower their chest until they place both knees on the floor. Women do not need to follow this method - they can immediately lower their chest and begin to perform sajda.

11. Women should perform sajda so that the stomach is pressed to the hips and the arms are pressed to the sides. In addition to this, they can place their feet on the floor, pointing them to the right side.

12. Men are not allowed to put their elbows on the floor during sajdah. But women, on the contrary, should put their entire arm, including the elbows, on the floor.

13. While sitting between two sajdas and reading At-Tahiyat, women sit on their left thighs, pointing both legs to the right and leaving their left foot on the right shin.

14. Men are required to pay close attention to the position of their fingers during ruku', and keep them together in sajda, and then leave them as they are during the rest of the prayer when they make no effort to connect or reveal them. But women are required to keep their fingers close together so that there is no space between them. This should be done in the position of ruku’, in sajda, between two sajda and in ka’da.

15. It is makruh (undesirable) for women to perform prayer with jama’at, praying alone (will be) preferable for them. However, if their male mahrams (members of their family) pray in the house, there will be nothing wrong if the women also join them in the jama'at. But in this situation it is necessary that they stand exactly behind the men. Women should not stand next to men in the same row.

Some essential rules of behavior in the mosque

1. Entering the mosque, say the following du'a:

“Bismillahi you-salaat you-salaam ala Rasulullah. Allahhumma aftahli abwaba rahmatik"

(“I enter (here) with the name of Allah and a prayer of blessing to His Messenger. O Allah, open the doors of Your Grace to me”).

2. Immediately after entering the mosque, make the intention: "I will remain in (state) i'tikaf all the time while I am in the mosque." By doing this, inshaAllah, one can hope for spiritual benefits from i'tikaf (stay in the mosque).

3. Passing inside the mosque, it is best to sit in the front row. If the first rows are already occupied, sit where you find an empty seat. Passing by stepping over the necks of people is unacceptable.

4. You should not greet those who are already sitting in the mosque and busy with dhikr (remembrance of Allah) or reading the Koran. However, if one of these people is not busy looking at you, it won't hurt you to greet them.

5. If you want to perform sunnah or nafil prayer in a mosque, choose a place where the least number of people can pass in front of you. Some people begin their prayers in the back rows, while there is enough space in front. Because of this, it becomes difficult for other people to pass between them to find an empty seat. Praying in this way is a sin in itself, and if one passes in front of the person making the prayer, then the sin of passing in front of the praying person also falls on the one who makes such a prayer.

6. After entering the mosque, if you have some free time before starting the prayer, then, before sitting down, perform two rak'ats (prayers) with the intention of tahiya al-masjid. This is a very commendable thing. If you do not have time before prayer, you can combine the intention for tahiya al-masjid with the intention for sunnat prayer. If you don’t have time even to perform sunnat prayer, and the jama’at has already gathered (ready for prayer), this intention can be attached to the intention for fard prayer.

7. While you are in the mosque, keep doing dhikr. It is especially helpful to say the following words:

"SubhanAllah wal-hamdullilyahi wa la ilaha il-Allah wa Allahu Akbar"

(“Exalted be Allah, all praise be to Allah, there is no God but Allah, Allah is Great”).

8. Do not allow yourself to be drawn into unnecessary talk while you are (in the mosque) that may distract you from worship and prayer or dhikr (remembrance of Allah).

9. If the jama’at is already ready (has already gathered) for prayer, fill in the first rows first of all. If there is a free seat in the front rows, it is not allowed to stand in the back rows.

10. When the imam takes his place on the minbar to deliver the Friday khutbah (sermon), then until the end of the prayer it is not allowed to talk, greet someone or respond to a greeting. However, if someone starts talking at this time, it is also not permissible to ask them to keep quiet.

11. During the sermon (khutba) sit as you sit in qa'da (during prayer). Some people sit like this only in the first part of the khutba, and then put their hands differently (remove them from the hips) in the second part of it. This behavior is wrong. One should sit with hands on hips during both parts of the sermon.

12. Refrain from anything that can spread dirt or smell around the mosque or cause harm to someone.

13. When you see someone doing something wrong, ask him not to do it, calmly and gently. It is unacceptable to openly insult him, reproach him, quarrel with him.

ATTENTION: in more detail about prayer and how to make ablution, you can

Namaz is the order of Allah Almighty. In the Holy Quran, more than a hundred times, it is reminded of the obligatory nature of prayer. The Qur'an and hadith-sharifs say that prayer is obligatory for Muslims who have intelligence and have come of age. Surah verses 17 and 18 room» « Praise God in the evening and in the morning. Praise be to Him in heaven and on earth, at nightfall and at noon". Sura " Bakara» 239 ayat « Fulfill sacred prayers, the middle prayer” (i.e. do not interrupt prayers). The tafsirs of the Qur'an say that the verses, which deal with remembrance and praise, are reminiscent of prayers. In verse 114 of Surah Hood” says: “Perform prayer at the beginning and end of the day and at nightfall, because good deeds drive away evil ones. This is a reminder for those who reflect."

Our Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wassalam) said: “Allah Almighty has made the daily prayer five times fard for his slaves. For a correctly performed ablution, a hand (bow from the waist), and a sajdah (bow to the earth), during prayer, Allah Almighty gives forgiveness and rewards enlightenment.

Five daily prayers, including 32 rak'ahs. 17 of them are in the category of farz. 3 wajibs. 12 rakah sunnah.

1-Morning prayer: (Salat-ul Fajr) 4 rak'ahs. The first 2 rak'ahs are Sunnah. Then 2 rak'ahs of farza. 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah of the morning prayer are very important. There are scholars who say that they are wajib.

2-Midday prayer. (Salat-ul-Zuhr) Consists of 10 rak'ahs. First, 4 rak'ahs of the first sunnah are performed, then 4 rak'ahs of the farza, and 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah.

3-Evening prayer (Ikindi, salat-ul Asr). Only 4 rak'ahs. 4 rak'ahs of farza are performed.

4-Evening Prayer (Aksham, salat-ul Maghrib). 5 rak'ahs. The first 3 rak'ahs are fard, then we perform 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah.

5-Night prayer (Yatsy, salat-ul Isha). Consists of 9 rak'ahs. First, 4 rak'ahs of farza are performed. Behind him are 2 rak'ahs of the Sunnah. And finally, 3 rak'ahs of Witr prayer.

Sunnats of evening and night prayers from the category Gayr-i muakkada. This means: at the first seat, after Attahiyata, are read Allahumma sally,Allahumma barik and all dua. Then we get up on the third rak'ah, read "Subhanaka..". The first Sunnah of midday prayer is Muakkada". Or a strong sunnah, for which a lot of sawab is given. It is read in the same way as farzes, in the first seat, immediately after reading the attahiyat, you need to get up to start the third rak'ah. Having risen to our feet, we continue the prayer, starting with bismillah, and al-Fatiha.

For example, the sunnah of the morning prayer is read like this:

1 - Accept intention (Niyet)
2 - Introductory (Iftitah) takbir

A woman should be covered from head to toe so that the figure is not outlined. Only the face and palms remain open. He does not raise his hands to his ears like men. The hands are raised to the level of the breasts, the intention is made, the takbir is done, the hands are placed on the chest. Prayer starts. Skip through the heart “I intend, for the sake of Allah, to perform 2 rak'ahs of the Sunnah of today's morning prayer, towards the Qibla.” Then the takbir is pronounced " Allahu Akbar", Women folding their hands, do not clasp the fingers of the right hand on the wrist of the left, but put their hands on the chest, placing the palm of the right hand on the left hand. Putting his hands on his chest.

Qiyam, standing in prayer. Without looking away from the place where the forehead is applied during sujud, a) read "Subhanaka..", b) after "auzu.., bismillah.." read Fatih. c) after Fatihi, without a bismill, a short sura (zamm-i sura) is read, for example, a sura "Phil".

RUKU'U

After zamm-i sura, saying " Allahu Akbar» make a ruku. Women lean less than men. The knees are slightly bent. The fingers do not clasp (as in men) the knees. Open palms are placed on top of the knees.

Say three times Subhana Rabbiyal Azim". Pronounced five or seven times.

Get up with words "Sami'allahu Estuary Hamidah" Rabbana Lakal Hamd. Standing thereafter is called "kauma".

Bow to the earth (sujud)

"Allahu Akbar". At the same time, put in order: a) The right knee, then the left, the right palm, then the left, then the nose and forehead. b) The toes are bent towards the Qibla. c) The head is placed between the hands. d) The fingers are clenched. e) All parts of the body are pressed against each other and to the floor. e) In this position, at least three times are pronounced "Subhana Rabbiyal a'la".

With words "Allahu Akbar" legs folded at the knees are directed to the right of themselves. The palms rest on the hips, fingers in a free position.

"Allahakbar""Subhana Rabbiyal a'la". (Seating between sujuds is called "jalse").

The second ra'kat is performed in the same way as the first.

In sujud, say at least three times "Subhana Rabbiyal-a'la" and with words "Allahu Akbar" stand up on feet. When standing up, do not push off the ground, and do not move your legs. From the floor it is taken away first: Forehead, then the nose, first the left, then the right hands, then the left knee is taken away, then the right.

Standing on his feet after the bismillah, the Fatiha is read, then the zamm-i sura.

After with "Allahu Akbar" is done ruku. During the ruku, it will lean forward slightly. Without taking your eyes off your feet, say three times " Subhana Rabbiyal Azim».

Get up with words "Sami'allahu Estuary Hamidah", eyes look at the place of sujud. When fully extended, say Rabbana Lakal Hamd.

Bow to the earth (sujud)

Without stopping on your feet, go to sujud with words "Allahu Akbar" At the same time, put in order: a) The right knee, then the left, the right palm, then the left, then the nose and forehead. b) The toes are bent towards the Qibla. c) The head is placed between the hands. d) The fingers are clenched. e) All parts of the body are pressed against each other and to the floor. e) In this position, at least three times are pronounced "Subhana Rabbiyal a'la".

With words "Allahu Akbar" legs folded at the knees are directed to the right of themselves. The palms rest on the hips, fingers in a free position. (Seating between sujuds is called "jalse")

After a short sitting with words "Allahakbar", go for the second sujud. In this position, at least three times is pronounced "Subhana Rabbiyal a'la".

AT-Tahiyyat(TASHAHHUD)

Women, when sitting (tashahudde), legs folded at the knees, are directed back to their right. The fingers on the knees are pressed to each other.

After reading "Attahiyata", "Allahumma barik .." And "Rabbana Atina ..", greeting (salaam) is given first to the right "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah" then left "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah"

After salam, it is pronounced "Allahumma antassalam wa minkassalam tabaraqta ya zal jalali wal ikram". Next, you need to get up and, without uttering a word, begin the obligatory (fard) morning prayer. (Because the conversations between the sunnah and the farz, although they do not violate the prayer, but reduce the number of sawabs). This time, you will need to make an intention for two rak'ahs of the morning prayer: "I intend, for the sake of Allah, to make 2 rak'ahs of today's morning prayer, which is obligatory for me, towards Qibla."

After prayer, say three times "Astaghfirullah" then read "Ayatul-Kursi"(255 verses of the Surah " Bakara”), then read 33 tasbih ( Subhanallah), 33 times tahmid ( Alhamdulillah), 33 times takbir ( Allahu Akbar). Then read “La ilaha illalah wahdahu la shikalyakh, lyakhul mulku wa lyakhul hamdu wa hua ala kulli shayin kadir”. All this is spoken softly. Say them loudly bid'at.

Then dua is made. To do this, men stretch their arms to chest level, arms should not be bent at the elbows. Just as for prayer, the Qibla is the Ka'ba, for the dua, the Qibla is the sky. After the dua, the verse is read "Subhanarabbika.." and palms are held across the face.

In four ra'kat sunnats or farzes, you need to get up after the second rak'ah by reading "attahiyat". In the sunnah prayer, in the third and fourth rak'ahs, the sub-surah is read after the Fatiha. In obligatory (farz) prayers in the third and fourth rak'ahs, the zamm-i sura is not read. It also reads "Maghrib" prayer, in the third rak'ah, the deputy and the sura are not read. In the morning prayer, in all three rak'ahs, after the Fatiha, a sub-surah is read. Then the takbir is pronounced, and the hands rise to the level of the ears, and are placed back below the navel, then the dua is read "Kunut". In the sunnats, those who are gair muakkada (sunna asr and the first sunna of ishaa prayers) in the first seat after Attahiyat are also read "Allahumma sally.." And "..barik.."

How is the prayer of women different from the prayer of men

The difference is in the following terms:

1- When entering into prayer, women raise their hands to shoulder level. Then, folding their hands, they do not clasp the fingers of the right hand around the wrist of the left, but put their hands on the chest, placing the palm of the right hand on the left hand.

2- Not move the legs together when moving to the position of the waist bow (rukuu). For ruku, they bend less, slightly bending their knees and Not aligning the back and head in a horizontal position. Palms just put on your knees Not wrapping their fingers around them.

3- When bowing to the ground (sujud), they put their hands on the floor along with the elbows and closer to the stomach. The whole body is pressed to the hips and to the floor.

4- When sitting (tashahudde), the legs folded at the knees are directed back to the right of oneself. The fingers on the knees are pressed to each other.

5- When referring to the Almighty Allah (prayer, dua), join the open palms together and hold them in an inclined position opposite the face.

7- They do not read the prayer out loud. On holidays, after the obligatory (fard) prayers, Tashrik Takbirs are pronounced quietly, to themselves.

["Hashiyatu ala-d-Durru-l-Mukhtar", "Raddu'l-Mukhtar ... "].

What you need to learn in order to start praying

To do this, you need to learn and pronounce from memory in the following sequence:

[¹WARNING! When writing Arabic words and religious terms, as well as prayers and verses, the letters of the Russian alphabet are used. The transliteration used gives only an approximate reading of the Arabic words, but does not reflect the phonetics of the Arabic language. For correct pronunciation, you need to seek help from an Arabic teacher, and if this is not possible, use audio or video materials].

After pronouncing the introductory takbir (Allahu Akbar), you need to say:

1 ) « Subhanaka... ": [i] - "Subhanaka Allahumma wa bihamdika wa tabarakasmuka wa Taala jadduka wa la ilaha gairuk" - (Glory to You my Allah and praise to You, and blessed be Your name, and there is no other god but You!).

2 ) « A'uzu…BismilLah…»:

“A’uzubil Lahi minnash-shaitanir-rajim. BismilLahi-r-Rahmani-r-Rahim!” —

(I resort to the protection of Allah from the accursed (stoned) shaitan. In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Merciful!).

3 ) Sura No. 1 - “ Fatiha»:

“AlhamdulilLakhi Rabbi-l-‘alamieen! Ar-Rahmani-r-Rahim! Maliki yawvmiddin. Iyyaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'in. Ihdi-on-with-Syrat-al-mustaqim. Syrat-al-lyazina an ‘amta ‘alaihim. Gairi-l-magdubi ‘aleihim wa lyaddaaa-liiin ".

- (Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds! Gracious, Merciful, King on the Day of Judgment. We worship You and ask You to help! not deluded).

4) Another short sura or any three verses of similar magnitude.

For example, short suras:

a) “Inna a’tayna kel-kausar. Fasalli li rabbika vanhar. Inna shaniaka huva-l-abtar". Verily, We have given you abundant! Pray to your Lord and kill! After all, your hater is stubby (a tailless sheep; a man without offspring (Sura 108 - “Kausar”).

b) “Kul Huvallahu ahad. Allahu Samad. Lam yalid wa lam yulyad, wa lam yakullahu kufuvan ahad". - Say: “He is Allah – one, Allah is eternal; begotten and was not begotten, and no one was equal to Him! (Sura 112 - "Ihlyas").

It is also necessary to memorize and say in prayer from memory:

  1. With the Belt Bow (Ruku’u), say three times: “Subhana Rabbi-al-Azym” -

(Glory to my Lord the Great!).

  1. When bowing to the Earth (sujud), say three times: “Subhana Rabbi-al-A’laa” -

(Glory to my Lord the Highest!).

  1. When sitting in prayer:

A) « At-Tahiyyatu... "-" At-tahiyyatu lil-Lahi vassalyavatu vattaibat. As-salamu ‘alayke ayyuhanabiya wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. Assalamu alayna wa alaaa ‘ybadiLlahi-s-salihiin. Ashhadu allaaa ilaha illallah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan 'abdu-Khu wa rasuluh ”- (Greetings to Allah and prayers and the best words. Peace be upon you, o prophet and mercy and blessings of Allah. Peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah! I testify that there is no god but of Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger).

b) « Allahumma sally…»:

“Allahumma sally ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad kema sallaita ‘ala Ibrahima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahima innaka Hamidun, Majid” -

- (O Allah! Bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly You are Worthy, Glorious!).

V) « Allahumma barik…»:

“Allahumma barik ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad kema barakta ‘ala Ibrahima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahima innaka Hamidun Majid” -

(O Allah! Give blessings to Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You gave blessings to Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Truly You are Worthy, Glorious!).

G) « Rabbanaa atinaa …»:

“Rabbanaa atinaa fiddunyaa hasanatan wa fi-l-akhirati hasanatan va kyna azab-an-nar” - “Our Lord! Grant us goodness both in the near life and in the afterlife, and protect us from the punishment of fire. (2:201)

d) « Rabbanaghfirli…»

"Rabbanagfirli wa livalidayya wa lil mu'minina yauma yakumul-hisaab".

- (Our Lord, forgive us on the Day of Judgment. Also forgive my mother, my father and all believers).

f) “As-salamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatullah”- (Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah)

[i] A hadith from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) says: “The Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) began the prayer after the introductory takbir with this doxology: “Subhanaka ...”.

[Tirmizi - Salat 179 (243); Abu Dawud - Salat 122 (776); Ibnu Maja - Ikamati-s-Salyat 1 (804)].

In a hadith from Ibnu Mas'ud it is transmitted: “The Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered us:“ If any of you makes a Bow (ruku’u), let him say three times: “Subhana Rabbi al-Azeem.” And this is the smallest amount. When performing the Earth Bow (sujud), let him also say three times: “Subhana Rabbi-al-A’la.” And this is also the smallest amount.

[Abu Dawud - Salat 154 (886); Tirmidhi - Salat 194 (261)]

(Persian نماز‎) or salat (Arabic صلاة‎) is a canonical prayer, one of the five pillars of Islam. The prayers of the first Muslims consisted in the joint loud pronunciation of the formulas of monotheism and the exaltation of Allah. There are no clear instructions for prayers in the Koran, although there are many indications of such particulars as the time of prayers, prayer formulas, some movements, etc. The entire order of prayer was formed as an imitation of the prayer postures and movements of the Prophet Muhammad and was fixed by the memory of the first Muslims. The uniformity of prayer was practiced for almost a century and a half and was recorded in writing by the Hanafi jurist Muhammad ash-Shaibani (d. 805).


The words of Iqamat in the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa:

Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar

Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah
Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah


Ashkhadu anna Muhammadar rasul Allah

Hayya ala salah
Hayya ala salah

hayya alal fallah
hayya alal fallah

Kad kamati salah
Kad kamati salah

Allahu Akbar
Allahu Akbar

La ilaha illa llah

I rak'ah


1. Standing, express your sincere intention (niyat) to commit prayer:

"I intend for the sake of Allah to make a fard* of this morning prayer A".

Important Notes:
* Fard is obligatory in Islam. Failure to perform fard is considered a sin.

In this case, we give a simplified example of making a morning prayer a, in which there are 2 rak'ahs (cycles of body movements).

Remember that every prayer includes a certain number of sunnah (desirable) and fard (obligatory) rak'ats.

Morning - 2 sunnahs, 2 fards
Daily - 4 sunnahs, 4 fards, 2 sunnahs
Afternoon - 4 fards
Evening - 3 fards, 2 sunnas
Night - 4 fards, 2 sunnas


2. Raise both hands, spreading your fingers, palms towards the Qibla, to the level of your ears, touching your earlobes with your thumbs and say takbir iftitah (initial takbir) "Allahu akbar".

Takbir. The gaze is turned to the place of soot (the place that is touched with the head when bowing to the ground). The palms are turned towards the Qibla, the thumbs touch the earlobes. The feet are parallel to each other. There are four fingers between them.

3. Then place the right hand with the palm on the left hand, clasping the little finger and thumb of the right hand around the wrist of the left hand, and lower the hands folded in this way just below the navel and read:

"Sura Fatiha"


"Auzu billahi minashshaitaani r-rajim
Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim
Alhamdi lillahi rabbil 'alamin
Arrahmaani r-rahim
Maaliki Yaumiddin
Iyyakya na´budy va iyyakya nasta´in
Ihdina s-syraatal mystakym
Syraatallyazina an'amta aleihim
Gairil Magdubi Aleihim Valad-doolliin…"
Aamin! .. (Pronounced silently)

But for you, as a beginner who performs his first prayers in his life, you can limit yourself to reading Surah Fatiha.

Qiyam. The gaze is turned to the place of soot. Hands are folded on the stomach, just below the navel. The thumb and little finger of the right hand clasp the wrists of the left hand. The feet are parallel to each other. There are four fingers between them.



4. Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar" and make a hand "(bow from the waist).

Hand". The gaze is turned to the tips of the toes. The head and back are at the same level, parallel to the surface of the place of prayer. The legs are straightened. The fingers are spread apart and wrap around the knees.


5. After the arm, straighten the body to a vertical position.

6. After straightening, with the words "Allahu Akbar", perform soot. When performing soot, you must first kneel down, then lean on both hands and, only after that, touch the place of soot with your forehead and nose.

Sazhda. Head - between the hands. Forehead and nose touch the floor. Fingers and toes should point in the direction of the Qibla. The elbows do not touch the carpet and are moved away from the body. The belly does not touch the hips. The heels are closed.



7. After that, with the words "Allahu Akbar", rise from soot to a sitting position.


8. After sustaining a pause in this position, sufficient for the pronunciation of "Subhanallah", with the words "Allahu Akbar" again sink into soot.

Soot. The head is between the arms. Forehead and nose touch the floor. Fingers and toes should point in the direction of the Qibla. The elbows do not touch the carpet and are moved away from the body. The belly does not touch the hips. The heels are closed.


9. Then, with the words "Allahu Akbar", stand up to perform the second cancer "ata. Hands close in the same place.


II rak'ah

First, as in the first rak'at, read the Fatiha surah, an additional surah, for example, Ikhlas (although for beginners you can limit yourself to reading the Fatiha surah - see above), do a hand (upper bow) and soot.

10. After the second soot of the second rak'at, sit on your feet and read the prayer (du'a) "Attahiyat":

"Attahiyaty lillaahi vassalavaty vatayibyatu
Assalamu aleyke ayuhannabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa baraka'atyh
Assalamu aleyna wa 'ala 'ibidillahi s-salihiin
Ashhady alla illaha illallah
Wa ashhady anna Muhammadan ´abduhu wa rasylyukh"

Attention! During the pronunciation of the words "la illaha", the index finger of the right hand rises, and on "illa llahu" it falls.

Ka´da (sitting). The gaze is on the knees. Hands lie on your knees, fingers - in a free position. Both legs are slightly shifted to the right. You should not sit on your left foot, but on the floor.


11. Say the greeting: "Assalamu" alaikum wa rahmatullah "with the head turned first towards the right shoulder, and then towards the left

Salam (greeting) to the right side. Hands on knees, fingers in a free position. The foot of the right foot is placed on the carpet at a right angle, the fingers are directed towards the Qibla. The head is turned to the right, looking at the shoulder.

Namaz, as you know, one of the most important pillars of Islam. Through prayer, the servant of Allah performs the worship of his Lord through the body and spirit.

In the Holy Book of Islam and the Noble Sunnah of the Final Messenger of the Almighty (S.G.V.) there are many references to the importance of prayer for believers. So, in Surah "Spider" our Creator actually commands to perform prayer:

“Read what is suggested to you from the Scripture and pray. Verily, prayer protects from abomination and reprehensible” (29:45)

The practice of Sunni Islam rests on four madhhabs, the presence of which marks the flexibility of the entire religious system. In this material, we will tell you how prayer is read by men within the framework of these generally accepted theological and legal schools in Sunnism. In view of the fact that the Hanafi madhhab dominates among Russian-speaking Muslims, as an illustration, a video will be presented on the procedure for performing prayers according to this particular theological and legal school.

Recall that the prerequisites for recognizing prayer as valid are: a person’s confession of Islam and his spiritual fullness, adulthood (from the position of Sharia), prayer at a strictly set time for it (prayer schedule for Russian cities is presented), the presence of taharat, cleanliness of clothes and the place of prayer, observance of the awra (so that shameful places do not open during bows), appeal to Kyibla (Kaaba), the intention of a person to read prayer.

Let's describe the step-by-step prayer using a specific example from the video.

The order of reading prayer

(on the example of the morning)

This prayer includes two rak'ahs of sunnat and fard. The believer must initially stand aloud or say to himself intention(niyat) to perform exactly the morning prayer. It goes on to say takbir tahrim - "Allahu Akbar!"(“Allah is great!”). This type of takbir indicates the beginning of prayer. After it, a person is forbidden to pronounce extraneous words and make movements that are not directly related to prayer. Otherwise, it will not be considered completed.

It is important to pay attention to how the hands are positioned during takbir tahrim. The Hanafi and Maliki madhhabs affirm the need, at the level of the Sunnah, to raise the hands of men to the back of the head and touch the earlobe with the thumb, while in the Shafi'i and Hanbali this is not necessary. After this action reads dua sana:

“SubhanakAllahumma wa bihamdika, wa tabarakasmuka, wa taala jadduka, wa la ilaha gairuk”

Translation:“Glory and praise to you, Allah! Your name is pious, Your greatness is above all. And there is none worthy of worship except You."

Note that within the framework of the Shafi'i madhhab used another duasana:

“Wajyahtu wajhiya lil-lyazii fataras-samauaati wal-ard, hanifam-muslimah, wa ma ana min al-mushrikin, innas-salati wa nusuki, wa mahhyaya, wa mamati lil-lyakhi rabbil-'alyamin, la sharika lyakh, wa bi zalikya umirtu wa ana minal muslimin"

Translation:“I turn my face to the One who made the heavens and the earth. And I'm not a polytheist. Indeed, my prayer and my morality, life and death belong only to Allah - the Lord of the worlds, Who has no partner. This is what I was ordered to do, and I am one of the Muslims (who submitted to the Almighty Creator).

The hands at this moment, according to the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa, men should be placed below the navel. The thumb and little finger of the right hand wrap around the wrist of the left. In the Shafi'i madhhab, the hands should be above the navel, but below the chest. The Maliki usually have their hands down. In the Hanbali madhhab, there is no consensus on where exactly to put your hands - below or above the navel. The decision of this question is left to the discretion of the most faithful.

Rakaat #1. Standing - kyam

Following the dua-san, formulas are read "taauz":"Aguzu bil-Lahi min ash-shaitan ir-rajim"(“I seek refuge with Allah from the [defilement] of the stoned devil”), basmalla:"Bismillah ir-Rahmaan ir-Rahiim"(“In the name of Allah [I start a business]”) and Fatiha. Then any other sura or successive Qur'anic verses (at least three). An example of an additional Qur'anic text that can be recited in the first rak'ah is the Kausar sura:

“Innaa aghtaynaa kyal-kyausar. Fasalli li-rabbikya wa-ankḥar. Innaa shaa niyaka huval-abetar" (108:1-3)

Translation of the meaning (according to E. Kuliyev):“We have given you Abundance (the river in Paradise, which is called al-Kawthar). Therefore, pray for the sake of your Lord and slaughter the sacrifice. Verily, your hater will himself be childless.”

The vertical position of the prayer while reading the Fatiha and other parts of the Qur'anic text is called "kyam" (standing).

Belt bow - hand '

Next, the believer makes a waist bow (ruku’ or rukug), rests his palms with fingers slightly apart on the knee cups, as shown in the photo, trying to keep his back straight parallel to the floor, and says the words to himself three times: "SubhanaRabbial-Gaziim"("Pure is my Great Lord"). Then you should get out of the state of the hand 'into a vertical position with the words: "SamigAllahu li-man hamidya"(“Allah hears the one who pronounces glorifications”). Then the worshiper pronounces the formula to himself: "Rabbana lakal-hamde"(“O our Lord, praise be to Thee”). When leaving the waist bow, the person's arms are lowered along the torso.

It should be noted that in the Shafi'i and Hanbali madhhabs, before the beginning of the bow, a person should raise his hands, as in the case of takbir tahrim among the Hanafi and Maliki. At the same time, for the latter, this movement within prayers with an even number of rak'ahs is uncharacteristic.

Bow to the earth - sujud

The next element of prayer is sujud (or sajda) - prostration with the words tabira tahrim. On how to perform this action, opinions differed in different madhhabs. Most of the Muslim scholars of different schools, relying on the Sunnah of the Grace of the Worlds of Muhammad (s.g.v.), stated that first the knees fall on the floor, then the hands and, finally, the head, which is located between the hands. In the Shafi'i madhhab, the hands are placed at shoulder level. Fingertips must be kept on the floor and directed towards Kyibla. Eyes in sujud do not need to be closed.

Sajda symbolizes the obedience of the faithful to the will of the Almighty. In fact, this is the main element of prayer - a person lowers his most important and highest part of the body (head) to the very bottom (floor / ground). It is necessary that both the forehead and the tip of the nose are in contact with the surface, and the toes of the feet do not come off the floor. In this position, the words are pronounced three times "SubhanaRabbial-Aglya"("Holy is my Lord, who is above all"). The prayer comes out of the sujud with the takbir "Allahu Akbar". At the same time, he first raises his head, then his arms and sits down on his left leg. In a sitting position, the hands are placed on the hips so that the fingers touch the knees. The believer stays in this position for several seconds, after which he again makes a prostration according to the algorithm described here.

The exit from the sajda in odd rak'ahs is carried out in such a way that first the worshiper lifts his face off the floor, then his hands. The person returns to a vertical position (with the words "Allahu Akbar"), similar to the qiyam of the first rak'ah. Thus, the second rak'ah of prayer begins.

Rakaat #2

In qiyam, the sura “Fatiha” is again read first, after which any other sura or at least three successive verses follows. However, these should be different from the passages from the passages used in the first rak'ah. For example, let's take Surah Ikhlas:

“Kul hu Allahu ahadeh. Allahu samade. Lam yalide wa lam yulyade. Wa lam ya kul lahu kufuan ahade” (112:1-4)

Meaning translation:“Say: “He is Allah, the One, Allah the Self-sufficient. He did not give birth and was not born, and there is no one equal to Him.”

Tashahhud

In the second rak'ah, a Muslim bows to the ground and bows, similar to those performed in the first rak'ah. The only difference is that after the sujud, the worshiper remains in a sitting position - kuud (in this case, the right foot is perpendicular to the floor, and its fingers should be directed towards Kyibla, while the left foot lies freely, pressing its upper part against the floor under the weight of the worshiper) and says to himself dua tashahhud:

“At-tahiyatu lillahi was-salauatu wat-tayibat. As-salamu galayika, ayuhan-nabiyu, wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. As-salamu alayna wa ala giybadillakhis-salihin. Ashkhadu allaya-ilyayaha illallahu wa ashhadu an-na Muhammadan habuduhu wa rasulukh "

Translation:“Greetings to Allah, prayers and excellent expressions, peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings, peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is no one worthy of worship except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and His messenger.”

A desirable action (mustahab) when sitting and reading tashahhud is considered to be raising the index finger of the right hand at the moment of pronouncing to oneself a fragment of the shahada about faith in the Almighty (“Ashhadu allaya-ilyaha illallahu”). On the next phrase (“wa ashkhadu an-na Muhammadan gabuduhu wa rasulukh”) it is necessary to lower the finger and return the brush to its original state.

Salavat

Following the tashahhud, if the prayer consists of two rak'ahs (for example, sunnat and fard in the morning prayer, sunnat in midday, evening and night prayers), salavat is read. This is actually a prayer for the Final Messenger of God (LGV), consisting of two parts similar to each other:

“Allahumma sally ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad. Kamaa salayata ‘ala Ibrahiima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahiima, in-nakya Hamiyidun Majiid. Allahumma barik ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad. Kamaa barakta ‘ala Ibrahiima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahiima, in-nakya Hamiyidun Majid "

Translation:“O Allah, bless (mention with praise among the angels) Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are the Worthy of Praise. Glorious! O Allah, send blessings (continue to raise) Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You did for Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are the Praiseworthy, the Glorious!"

At the end of the salavat, it is read verse from Surah Baqarah:

“Rabbanya attina fid-dunya hasanatan wa fil ahirati hasanatan, wa kyina gazahbannar” (2:201)

Meaning translation:“Our Lord! Grant us good things in this world and good things in the Hereafter, and protect us from the torment of the Fire.”

salam

Following this, the worshiper, alternately turning his face to the right and left and fixing his eyes on his shoulders, says salam:

"As-salamu galaykum wa rahmatullah"

Translation: "Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah."

There are many opinions about who exactly the greeting is addressed to. If we summarize different points of view, then this action symbolizes the greeting that the believer says to other worshipers, angels who record the deeds of a person, and Muslim jinn.

At this point, the prayer, consisting of two rak'ahs, ends. After salam, the worshiper says the word three times "Astaghfirulla"("Forgive me Lord") And ends the prayer dua:

“Allahumma antyas-salamu wa minkyas-salayam, tabaraktya I-zal-jalyali wal-ikram”

Translation: “O Allah, You are peace, and peace comes from You alone. Give us a blessing."

The worshiper pronounces these words, raising his hands at chest level. After that, he lowers his hands, running them over his face.

The reading of prayer is clearly demonstrated in the video.

Important Features

Parts of the prayer, which are Sunnat, are performed in such a way that the believer says all the words to himself. In the fard part, things are a little different. Takbir tahrim, the rest of the takbirs when making a hand and sajdah, salam are pronounced aloud. At the same time, in the fards of the morning, evening and night prayers in the first pair of rak'ahs, "Al-Fatiha" and an additional sura (or verses) are also read loudly to the prayers.

Namaz, consisting of 4 rak'ahs, is performed in almost the same way. The only difference is that in the 2nd rak'ah after tashahhud, the worshiper must stand on the 3rd rak'ah, perform it like the first, and the 4th - like the second with salavat, salam and the final dua. It should be noted here that in the four-rakah fard prayers while standing (qiyam) in the 3rd and 4th rakahs after the Fatiha, not a single short sura is read. Instead, the believer immediately goes into a waist bow.

A similar order of prayer is characteristic of all Sunni madhhabs.

The number of rak'ahs, the names and times of all five prayers

Morning prayer (fajr)- two sunnat rak'ahs and two fards.

Time: from dawn to the beginning of sunrise. The hadith of the Final Messenger of God (s.g.v.) states that “if a person manages to perform the first rak'ah of the morning prayer (meaning its fard part) before sunrise, then his prayer is counted” (Bukhari). If the believer is late, then this prayer should be re-read half an hour after the sun rises.

Noon prayer (zuhr, oylya)- four sunnah rak'ahs, four fards and two sunnats.

Time: from the moment when the heavenly body ceases to be at its zenith (blockage), and until the shadow of the object is larger than itself. There are disagreements in the theological environment on the issue of the time of midday prayers. Imam Agzam Abu Hanifa believed that this moment occurs when the shadow of an object exceeds its length twice. However, other Hanafi Ulama, as well as representatives of the other three madhhabs, insisted on the position that the time for zuhr prayer expires as soon as the shadow becomes larger than the object.

Evening Prayer (Asr, Ikende)- four fard rak'ahs.

Time: from the moment when the shadow of the object is larger than itself, until sunset. There is a special formula for calculating the time of the evening prayer, thanks to which you can determine approximately when you should start praying. To do this, you need to know exactly when the heavenly body leaves the zenith, and at what time the sunset occurs. This interval is divided into 7 parts, of which 4 are allocated for the time of the Zuhr prayer, and 3 for Asr prayer.

Evening prayer (Maghrib, Ahsham)- three fard rak'ahs and two sunnats.

Time: after sunset and before the evening dawn disappears.

The prayer, which consists of three rak'ahs, is performed in such a way that after the tashahhud of the second rak'ah, the believer rises to the third. Within its framework, he pronounces Surah “Fatiha” to himself and goes into a bow from the waist. This is followed by a way out of this position, bowing to the ground and sitting (kuud), within which the believer reads tashahhud, salawat, an ayat from Surah Bakara, pronounces a greeting (salam) and completes prayer.

Night prayer (isha, yastu)- 4 fard rak'ahs and two sunnats.

Time: from the disappearance of the evening dawn to the beginning of the morning dawn.

Time when it is forbidden to pray

In one of his hadiths, the Grace of the Worlds, Muhammad (s.g.v.) forbade reading a prayer (salat):

1) when the sun rises until it rises, i.e. about 30 minutes after sunrise;

2) when the heavenly body is at its zenith;

3) when the sunset occurs.

(A hadith with a similar meaning is given by Bukhari, Muslim, an-Nasai, Ibn Maji).

It should be noted that the sunnat parts of the five obligatory prayers that are mentioned above refer to the sunnah-muakkada. These are the voluntary acts that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) never missed. However, there is such a subspecies of the Sunnah, which the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.) could sometimes miss. In fiqh, such actions are called “sunna gair muakkada”. We list the cases when this Sunnah occurs in relation to prayer:

1. Four rak'ahs before, that is, before the fard part of the prayer.

2. Two rak'ahs after the midday (zuhr) prayer, that is, after two rak'ahs of the sunna-muakkad of this prayer.

3. Two rak'ahs after the night prayer (isha), that is, after two rak'ahs of the sunnah-muakkad of this prayer.

4. Two rak'ahs after the Friday prayer, that is, after the last four rak'ahs of the Sunnah Muakkad of Juma Prayer.

May your prayer be accepted by Allah!