Who hasn't played badminton at least once in their life? Everyone loves it: both adults and children. Of course, many people play badminton at an amateur level. This does not require a specially delineated area, a volleyball-like net, referees and strict rules. It's just that the players try not to drop the shuttlecock so as not to interrupt the fun match. However, badminton is also a sports discipline included in the program of the Summer Olympic Games. Naturally, everything is much more serious here: there are arbitrators, and a special charter, and professional markup, and uniforms, etc. In addition, amateur equipment is slightly different from professional equipment. For example, the shuttlecock in the first case is made of plastic, and in the second case it is made of natural feathers. By the way, badminton is one of the most ancient games, which today are considered Olympic. And the question immediately arises: “Which country is the birthplace of badminton? Who is its founder? You can learn about this and much more by reading this article.
Which country is the birthplace of badminton?
In recent years, Chinese and Koreans have become champions in this sport most often. They are better than other athletes, manage to keep the serve, and the speed of reaction in this game is an important component. In view of this, many believe that the birthplace of badminton is China or Korea. However, this is completely untrue. There are several versions regarding the origin of this sport. So, for example, in ancient Greece there was a game that looked like badminton, only in it the shuttlecock was thrown to each other not with a racket, but with hands and feet. However, today hardly anyone believes that the birthplace of badminton is Greece, and Japan too, although back in the 14th century it was customary for young people to play “oyban”, which had many common features with modern badminton. The shuttlecock was made from sakura bone, in which holes were drilled and feathers were stuck, and rackets were wooden. But the French game "Jeu de paume" is more like tennis, because there the main "character" was a small ball. However, in many sports blogs, the question: “Which country is the birthplace of badminton?” - one single answer is given: "India". Is it so? Is this information true? We invite you to work it out with us.
How did badminton originate in Europe?
As noted above, the birthplace of badminton is India. What are the facts to support this? Well, for example, “poona” was born here - the game closest to badminton. Since the 17th century, India has become a British colony, and the British began to “host” on its territory. The sailors learned this game from the Indians and, returning to their country, introduced their compatriots to it. At first, only commoners were fond of her, but later noble gentlemen also fell in love with her, who were just looking for something to do with themselves. The Duke of Beaufort especially liked her - the owner of the Badminton House castle. In the 70s of the 19th century, he brought from the East Indies a lot of puna rackets and shuttlecocks and organized a kind of sports school on his estate, where everyone could learn the game, which was henceforth called, like the estate, "badminton". He also invented new rules of the game, and rackets and shuttlecocks were improved. Every day the number of badminton fans grew, and twenty years later the English Badminton Players Association was created. In 1899, the first championship of this game was held in England.
So you know which country is the birthplace of badminton, or rather, there are two of them: India and England. In one it originated, and in the second it was re-innovated.
Federation and championships
Another 35 years passed, during which badminton spread throughout the world. And so, in 1934, in the same England, the International Badminton Federation was created, and since 1947, world championships in this sport began to be held - the Thomas Cup. Only men participated. Since 1955, a championship for women has been organized - the Weber Cup. In a word, England contributed not only to the birth of this game in Europe, but also to its spread and recognition as a separate sport. Now you probably have no doubts about which country is the birthplace of badminton in the modern sense. This is definitely England.
Conclusion
By the way, badminton was included in the Olympic program only in 1992, although back in 1972, at the Olympics in Munich, this game was presented as a demonstration discipline. Every year, interest in it not only does not fade, but, on the contrary, increases.
Definition of sport
Badminton is a game sport included in the program of the Summer Olympic Games. The essence of badminton is to throw a projectile - a shuttlecock - over the net with the help of rackets. A brief description of the history of occurrence.
Modern sports badminton comes from the game "Pune", popular in India. The English Duke of Beaufort in 1872 brought from there to his estate Badminton rackets and a ball with feathers. The game was shown to the public, and it immediately gained numerous fans, receiving the name "badminton". In 1887, the first rules were published, at the same time the first club of lovers of this game appeared. At the beginning of the 20th century, international tournaments began to be held. In 1934, the International Badminton Federation (IBF) was formed.
Now in the world there are more than 50 million fans of this sport. Since 1947, the largest team competition among men, the Thomas Cup, has been held. Among women, the main team start - the Uber Cup - has been held since 1955. Badminton is recognized as an Olympic sport and since 1992 has been included in the program of the Summer Games, which took place in the Spanish city of Barcelona.
Description of the varieties of sport discipline.
Racket. The first racquets were made of wood, but nowadays racquet materials can be different: carbon fiber, aluminum, steel, titanium. This allows the racketi to be made stronger, able to withstand the tension of the strings and the load from impacts. The weight of standard rackets ranges from 70 to 100 grams, important characteristics for badminton rackets are also the location of the center of gravity, the rigidity of the rod and the rim for bending and torsion. These indicators determine which racket a particular player needs (depending on his playing style).
Strings for modern racquets are made from synthetic materials. In professional rackets, the string tension can reach up to 160 N, while in amateur rackets it is 80-110 N. The diameter of the strings ranges from 0.6 to 0.8 mm, about 10 meters are required per racket.
Shuttlecock. They come in two types - plastic and natural (feather). Plastic shuttles are more durable, but they are only suitable for amateur games, because their flight characteristics are worse than those of feather shuttles.
A plastic shuttlecock consists of a head and a skirt attached to it. A feather wave is made from 16 goose feathers, which are attached to a leather-covered cork head. The weight of such a shuttlecock is about 5 grams.
Playground.
The game takes place on a rectangular court 13.4 by 5.18 meters. The pair game is played on a court measuring 13.4 by 6.1 meters. The height of the net is 1.55 meters at close range, and in the center (sagging) - 1.524 meters. The service lines are 1.98 meters from the net. Between the back line and the service line is the service zone, the center line divides this zone into right and left.
Rules of the game.
At the beginning of the game, lots are thrown, the winner of the lot chooses the serve or side of the court. The game starts from the right pitch. When serving, the shuttlecock is hit only from below; at the moment of hitting, the rim of the racket should not rise above the belt line.
The server and receiver must be within their diagonal service squares and must not step on the lines or move from their place during the kick. When serving, false movements and a blow to the plumage of the shuttlecock are also not allowed.
A player is considered the winner of an individual draw if:
- the shuttlecock hit the opponent's court;
- the opponent sent a wave out of the playing area;
- the opponent during the game touched the net with a racket or body.
Account management system.
The meeting consists of three games up to the 21st point (up to two victories in the games). The side that wins the point adds it to their score. With a score of "20-20", the side that scores 2 points in a row wins the game, with a score of "29-29", the side that takes the 30th point wins the game.
Existing international, European and state (Russia) federations, and other large (state) associations related to the described sport.
Badminton World Federation, Badminton World Federation (http://www.bwfbadminton.org/)
National Badminton Federation of Russia (http://www.badm.ru/)
Badminton Europe - Badminton European Union (http://www.badmintoneurope.com/)
The main competitions in this sport.
Badminton World Federation Tournament, World Super Series Tournament, World Grand Prix Golden Series Tournament, World Cup, European Cup - Challengers, European Cup, European Cup - Futures
All-Russian competitions can be viewed here (http://www.badm.ru/news/federation/1627)
http://www.badminton-forum.ru/ - Independent badminton forum
http://www.ladybadminton.ru/ - Badminton Blog
Sources
http://www.badm.ru/
http://www.badmintoneurope.com/
Nowadays, the game of badminton is becoming more and more interesting, especially with the advent of summer. It is interesting not only for adults, but also for children. Everyone wants to frolic in the fresh air and run on the grass. And so now we will try to study the rules and techniques of playing badminton, and also find out what requirements the shuttlecock and racket must meet.
badminton technique
The meaning of the game of badminton is to throw the shuttlecock over the net with the help of rackets. This game can be played by two or more players, the main thing is that their number is even, since they will have to be divided into two teams. Professionals do not play more than four people on the same field. If you just decide to play with a company on the beach, then the number of players will directly depend on the number of people who want to. The goal of the game is to throw the shuttlecock over the net to the opponent's zone, most importantly, so that he touches the ground within the badminton court. If he fell out of bounds, a point is given to the opponent. The more points, the closer you are to victory.
When serving in badminton, the shuttlecock is hit only from below, at this moment the racket should not rise above the belt line. When serving, you can not make false movements and strikes on the plumage of the shuttlecock. But this is how athletes play, it is often difficult for children and amateurs to adhere to these rules. Therefore, she serves the shuttlecock, as a rule, by throwing it up, and then sending it towards the opponent with a racket.
How many games are there in badminton?
The game consists of three parties, more precisely, it goes up to two victories. The match continues until one of the players scores 21 points. With a score of “20-20”, the side that scores 2 points in a row wins, and with a score of “29-29”, the team that takes the 30th point is considered the winner.
Game breaks
There are usually several breaks during the game. For example, when the score reaches 11 points, the players are entitled to a one-minute break. Players rest for two minutes between sets. And in the third set, when the score is 11 points, the sides change places.
badminton for kids
Children's badminton is very different from professional. The simplified badminton field does not have a net. The only requirement for it is that it should be a flat surface without holes and bumps. The rules are also simplified: on whose side the shuttlecock fell, that and a point. And the one who is closer to this same shuttlecock serves.
"Correct" shuttlecocks for badminton
Shuttlecocks are made from both natural raw materials and synthetic materials. But, regardless of what material the shuttlecock is made of, its flight characteristics should be as close as possible to those of a real feather shuttlecock, with a head made of cork and covered with a thin leather sheath:
- a real “correct” shuttlecock should have 16 feathers on its head;
- feathers should be the same length, about 63-71 mm;
- the ends of the feathers form a circle with a diameter of 58 to 68 mm;
- naturally, these feathers should not fall out;
- a standard shuttlecock head should be about 26 mm in diameter and should have a rounded shape;
- the head should weigh 5 grams.
Since the density and characteristics of synthetic materials are somewhat different compared to natural materials, deviations of up to 10% are allowed.
How to choose a badminton racket?
The racket frame must not exceed 68 cm in length and 23 cm in width.
String area:
What develops badminton?
Playing badminton is not only exciting, but also strengthens certain muscle groups. In addition, such exercises train endurance and reaction speed.
I hope that the above badminton rules will help you have fun and have a good time. After all, badminton is a great option and a good one.
The content of the article
BADMINTON- a sports game with a shuttlecock and a racket, in which one or two players take part from each side. The name comes from the English city of Badminton (Badminton), where the game was invented in its current form, although its origins go deep into the past. Already in ancient Greece, a game was known using the likeness of rackets and a shuttlecock, similar to modern badminton. In the 19th century This game was brought from India to Europe by the British. Its worldwide popularity is largely due to simple rules and the ability to practice it outdoors and in any small area.
In the 20th century badminton, having overtaken tennis and squash, has become the most popular and massive sport of all where rackets are used for the game.
Basic definitions.
The goal of the game is to land the shuttlecock on the side of the opponent and prevent it from falling on the territory of its court, while the tactics and technique are similar to tennis.
A player is any person who plays badminton. A match is a game opposition of the parties, which can consist of one or two players. A singles match is a match in which there is one player on each side of the field. A doubles match is a match in which there are two players on each side. The serving side is the side that has the right to serve the shuttlecock to the opponent's side. The receiving side is the side opposite the serving side.
Court and its equipment.
The game is played on a rectangular court with a non-slip surface marked with clearly visible lines 40 mm wide. Usually these lines are yellow or white and are part of the area of the court they define. In the middle of the court there is a net stretched over racks (1.55 m high). Racks are located on the side lines. The badminton net is usually dark in color with cells from 15 to 20 mm. Net width - 760 mm, length - not less than 6.1 m. The upper edge of the net for greater visibility is usually sheathed with white tape (width 75 mm).
If the site is located indoors, then its ventilation system must be designed so that the air movement does not change the flight path of the shuttlecock.
Shuttlecock
can be made from both natural and synthetic materials.
The head of a natural feather shuttlecock (25–28 mm in diameter) is made of cork covered with a sheath of thin leather. The tail of the shuttlecock consists of 16 feathers attached to the head and fastened with a thread. The ends of the feathers of the same length form a circle with a diameter of 58–68 mm, and their length can vary from 64 to 70 mm.
The shuttlecock should weigh 4.74–5.50 g. For a synthetic shuttlecock, deviations of up to 10% are allowed. In some cases, the use of other types of shuttlecocks is allowed. This usually happens if climatic or atmospheric conditions do not allow the use of a standard shuttle.
Racket.
A badminton racket consists of a handle, a string surface, a head, a rod, an adapter. The length of the racket must not exceed 680 mm, width - 280 mm. The string surface is a flat segment of intersecting strings, alternately intertwined at the intersections. Its length cannot exceed 280 mm, and its width - 220 mm. The racket must be free from any attachments that would allow the player to substantially change its configuration.
Draw.
Before the start of the match, the players participate in a draw. The side that wins the lot decides whether it will be the first to serve or receive the serve, and also chooses the side of the court (site).
Account system.
A match consists of three parts called games. The side that wins two games wins. Usually doubles and singles matches are won by the side that scores 15 points first.
When the score is “14” (“10” in women's singles matches), the side that first scored 14 (10) points has the right to choose to play the game up to 15 (11) points, i.e. "game without continuation" or continue the game to 17 (13) points.
The side that wins the game serves first in the next. Only the serving side can add a point to their score.
Change of sides.
Players change courts at the end of the first game, before the start of the third, and also in the third game (or in a one-game match) when the leading player reaches a score of "6" in a game under 11 points or "8" in a game under 15 points.
If the moment of the change of sides was missed, then the opponents change the courts immediately, and at the same time the existing score is maintained.
Single matches.
Players must serve (and receive) while on the right service court when the server has no points or an even number of points in the game. Accordingly, when the server has an odd number of points, the players serve (and receive) from their left field.
The server is awarded a point if the receiver has violated the rules or the shuttle has left the game after touching the court on his side. Then the server serves again. If the server committed the violation, or the shuttle was out of play, touching the surface of the court on his side, then the serve passes to the opponent, while the score remains the same
Pair matches.
At the start of a game and each time a side is awarded a service, it is served from the right service court. After receiving the service, the player may deflect the shuttle at any position on his side. Scoring and selection of field area for service is done in the same way as in singles matches. The serving side changes the field of service with each subsequent serve.
In one game, the right to serve passes from the player who served first in that game to the player who received first, then to his partner, then to one of the opponents, then to his partner, and so on. No player shall serve out of turn, receive out of turn, or receive two consecutive serves in the same game.
Innings.
Serves must be made without delay when all players have taken their positions. The server and receiver must not touch the boundary lines of the fields on which they stand, and their feet must remain in contact with the surface of the court in a stationary position from the beginning of the service to its completion. At the time of serving, the shuttlecock must be below the level of the server's waist.
If the pitch is made incorrectly, the referee fixes a "foul", that is, a violation. A foul is also called if the server misses the shuttle while serving. In doubles matches, the partners of the server and receiver may take any position that does not block the visibility of the server or receiver of the opposite side.
Violations.
The rules of badminton provide for a number of situations that the referee may qualify as a violation or "foul".
In particular, it is a “foul” when the service is not carried out according to the rules, when the shuttle flies under or through the net, or if it falls outside the court, touches the body or clothes of the players, and also touches the ceiling or walls.
The reason for the "foul" may be the behavior of the player on the field. In particular, if a player touches the net or posts with a racket, body or clothing, or interferes with an opponent by his actions.
Other rules.
The referee may, in some situations, call "disputed" to stop the game. This usually happens in an unforeseen or accidental situation - for example, if the shuttlecock hangs on the top edge of the net or gets stuck in it, or if the shuttle breaks during the game.
Players are not allowed to receive advice during a match,
Story.
Game roots.
Sports historians agree that a kind of badminton game (competition with a shuttlecock) existed several millennia ago in several regions of the world: Greece, China, Japan, India and African countries.
So, the inhabitants of Japan have long been fond of a game called "oibane". Its meaning was to throw a shuttlecock made of several feathers and a dried cherry stone with wooden rackets.
In 1650, in the capital of Sweden, Stockholm, not far from the royal palace, by order of Queen Christina, a "feather ball" playground was built. On the court, the queen played this game with her courtiers and even with guests from abroad.
The French amused themselves with the game "je-de-paume" (lit. "game with an apple"). A similar game was played in medieval England - "racquet and shuttlecock" (battledore and shuttlecock), and in Russia in the 18th century.
However, the roots of badminton in its modern form go back to India, where this game was called "roopa". Its rules were extremely simple: children with rackets in their hands stood in a circle and threw a cork with feathers stuck into it to each other. The object of the game was to keep the shuttlecock in the air for as long as possible.
The game of shuttlecock was brought to England by the military, who served in India in the 1860s. However, they supplemented the rules by deciding to throw a shuttlecock over the net. In England, this game is called puna.
The birthplace of modern badminton is the estate of the Duke of Beaufort in the English county of Gloucestershire. It was there, at Badminton House, that the sport received its modern name in 1873, when the duke's guests invited their friends to the lawn for a "game of badminton."
The first badminton club in England was formed in 1875, and in 1877 the first rules were written there. The first president of the Badminton Association was Colonel Dolby, who took an active part in the creation of new rules.
The first official badminton tournament took place in March 1898. A year later, in April 1899, the first national championship was held in England. Over the next 10 years, hundreds of clubs opened in England, and the game gradually began to spread around the planet.
International badminton.
In 1902, the first international badminton match between the national teams of England and Ireland took place in Dublin (Ireland).
The International Badminton Federation (IBF) was established on July 5, 1934. Canada, Denmark, England, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales became its first members and founders.
Currently, more than 148 national organizations are members of this federation. The tasks of the federation include holding various competitions.
The unofficial world championship among men's teams is the Thomas Cup, held every three years. For the first time this competition was held in 1948. The tournament is named after the first president of the IBF, Englishman George Thomas.
A similar women's tournament, called the Hubert Cup, has been held since 1956.
The European singles championship was first held in 1968, and the team championship in 1972. Usually, matches between national badminton teams consist of singles, doubles and mixed matches. The first World Championship was held in 1977 in the Swedish city of Malmö.
At the Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992, badminton was included in the program of the Summer Olympics.
In recent years, athletes from China, South Korea, Indonesia and Malaysia have been the strongest players in the world.
Badminton was brought to the USSR in 1954 from China, where this game is called Yumaoqiu.
In the Soviet Union, badminton began to develop actively after the World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow (1957). It was during the festival that Soviet athletes took part in international matches for the first time.
The first Moscow championship was held in 1959. Then, in 1961, an intercity tournament was held with the participation of badminton players from Moscow, Leningrad, Kharkov, and Lvov.
The Badminton Federation of the USSR was formed in 1961.
And in 1962, for the first time, the combined teams of several republics (Ukrainian SSR, BSSR, RSFSR, AzSSR, KazSSR, TadzhSSR), as well as Moscow and Leningrad, met among themselves. The Moscow team became the winner of this tournament.
Since 1962, the championships of the RSFSR, Ukraine, Leningrad, as well as voluntary sports societies and departments, began to be played regularly.
The first badminton championship of the USSR was held in 1963. Gold medals were won by M. Zarubo (Zhukovsky) and N. Sokolov (Moscow).
The Badminton Federation of the USSR joined the International Badminton Federation in 1974, which made it possible for Soviet athletes to compete in official international competitions.
The USSR national team for the first time took part in the Thomas Cup (zonal qualifying tournament) in 1984. In 1986, the women's team was the debutant of the Hubert Cup.
The Badminton Federation of Russia is the legal successor of the Soviet federation.
Badminton: interesting facts.
The speed of a shuttlecock can sometimes exceed 300 km/h. This is the fastest sports equipment of all its counterparts - squash and tennis.
On average, in one singles match, a player runs about 1700 meters, inflicts up to 400 hits, while using 10 shuttlecocks.
The maximum number of strikes recorded in one match is 19,725.
The shortest badminton match lasted six minutes. This happened at the 1996 Hubert Cup in a duel between an athlete from South Korea (Ra Kyung-min) and England (Julia Mann).
The longest match lasted 124 minutes. In it, at the 1997 World Cup, Peter Rasumussen (Denmark) and Sunn Yun (China) met.
The longest shuttlecock was recorded in 1987 between Morten Frost (Denmark) and Ikuk Sugiarto (Indonesia) - more than 90 strokes.
Most often, 13 times, the Thomas Cup was won by the Indonesian team.
Most often, eight times, the Hubert Cup was won by the Chinese team.
In total, Asian badminton players have won 42 of the 46 Olympic medals.
The television audience for the first Olympic badminton tournament in 1992 was 1.1 billion people.
In terms of the number of people playing badminton in their free time, this sport ranks second in the world - after football.
The best professional rackets are cast from titanium alloy and weigh about 90 grams.
The world's largest shuttlecock - 48 times larger than usual - is in the Kansas City Museum.
It can be said with full confidence that this game has gone through a rather interesting and meaningful path of its progressive development from ordinary entertainment to professional sports. At the same time, badminton is deservedly considered one of the oldest sports. Some semblance of a modern game existed several millennia ago. At the same time, it was popular in a number of countries in various parts of our planet, from ancient Greece to Japan and India.
In competitions with the use of a shuttlecock, it was permissible to beat it with hands and even feet. A real revolution can be called the development by the Japanese of the first rackets around the 14th century. Time passed and badminton began to gain popularity in medieval Europe. This game began to be played in Sweden, France, England and other British countries. At the same time, it is important to emphasize that badminton was entertainment in most cases for privileged strata.
The modern stage of development of badminton
It is generally accepted that badminton received its current look and basic rules in Great Britain in 1872. The notorious Duke of Beaufort brought to his estate a set necessary for a full-fledged game. It is noteworthy that this place was called Badminton. Fifteen years later, in 1887, the first badminton club was officially established, and a few years later, the world's first association of this sport. 1905 can also be called with full confidence one of the most significant in the development of badminton. Firstly, the association adopted a set of rules of the game, and, secondly, the British badminton championship began to be played regularly. Competitions were held on the legendary fields of Wimbledon.
In the summer of 1934, the International Badminton Federation (IBF) was registered. Representatives of nine states acted as its creators: England, the Netherlands, Denmark, Ireland, as well as Canada and New Zealand, France, Wales and Scotland. It is worth saying that at the moment there are already about 150 countries in the IBF, and their number is only increasing every year. In the course of its activity, it was renamed and today is called the World Badminton Federation (BWF, Badminton World Federation).
Badminton is the game of millions!
One of the most striking confirmations of the popularity of this sport can be considered the inclusion of badminton in the program of the 1992 Olympic Games. Initially, 4 sets of awards were provided for men, women and pair competitions. However, already at the next Olympic Games, a mixed category was additionally introduced. It is noteworthy that the leaders in this sport are deservedly considered the Chinese and representatives of other Asian countries, who won most of the medals. However, the level of European badminton also continues to develop rapidly and athletes from the Old World are already seriously competing.
It should be emphasized that the secret to the success of this game is extremely simple. Almost everyone will be able to play it, regardless of age and physical form, on a wide variety of venues from ordinary clearings to professional courts. Moreover, in the most simplified form, you may only need two rackets and a shuttlecock to play. Elementary rules provide an opportunity to concentrate on the game, and not on learning them.