The safety of passengers while driving is one of the main concerns of the driver. And in order to ensure it properly, a variety of safety equipment is used - belts, pillows, etc. However, they have a major drawback: in the vast majority of them, they are designed only for adult passengers.
In order to ensure the safety of the child, a child seat is used. Since 2007, its use has been mandatory for everyone who transports children, and punishment awaits for the absence of the offender. What exactly threatens the guilty?
○ Child Transportation Act, a word or two about seats.
The sad statistics says: if the child is not fixed in the car, then in the event of an accident, he is likely to be injured. In the best case, bruises await him - and it’s not worth talking about the most terrible scenario. However, the trouble is that regular seat belts are fastened in such a way that only adults and teenagers are securely fixed - and children less than 150 cm tall can literally fall between the belts.
Airbags do not save either - they are also designed for passengers above this height, but the child is likely to hit his head below the inflated pillow due to inertia. In addition, rapidly inflating "airbags" with force hit even adults in the face - and for children they are completely dangerous.
It is in order to ensure the safety of children in cars that, since 2007, their transportation is allowed only with the use of special restraints, or with the help of "child adapters" - additional devices that allow you to hold a child using standard seat belts. Initially, the absence of such devices was equated to an unfastened seat belt for a passenger, however, since 2013, changes have been made to the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, according to which non-compliance with the requirements stipulated by the traffic rules for transporting children is a separate type of administrative offense.
The traffic rules themselves in clause 22.9 state the following:
- “Carriage of children under 12 years of age in vehicles equipped with seat belts must be carried out using child restraints appropriate for the weight and height of the child, or other means that allow the child to be fastened using seat belts provided for by the design of the vehicle, and on the front passenger car seat - only with the use of child restraints.
By itself, a child seat or other restraints must comply with GOST R 41.44-2005 and provide for reliable retention of a child up to 150 cm tall and weighing up to 36 kg. At the same time, the seat itself, as such, is mandatory only in the front seat - in the back, as can be seen from the rules, additional devices for standard seat belts are also allowed. The main thing in this case is a three-point fastening (for seats located against the movement, two-point is allowed) with belts that cannot slip into the neck area in an accident.
○ What are the dangers of not having a child seat in the car?
In the event that the child is not in a special chair, it is almost impossible for him to avoid injury in a collision. Some parents put their children on their knees, hoping that if they hit, they will simply hold them with their hands. But it is pointless to hope here: as statistics and test results have shown, with an impact passing along the longitudinal axis of the car, overloads can reach about 10 g. As a result, even a small child weighing only 12 kg will be torn from the hands of a mother or father with a force of about 100-120 kg / s. Not every person can withstand such an effort, especially with a sudden blow.
In addition, children's anatomy also makes its own adjustments. In children, especially small ones, the ratio of the size of the head to the size of the rest of the body is much larger than in adults - while the neck is rather weak. Therefore, an improperly equipped fastening of a child is fraught with the fact that upon impact, the head swings forward by inertia - and at best, the case will end in a displacement of the cervical vertebrae, which will have to be treated for a long and difficult time.
That is why, in recent years, more and more experts recommend using child seats of the type that are not installed on the seat, but are attached to its back so that the child, when moving, is sitting facing backwards. One of the first countries to start introducing such a model of chairs was Sweden. As a result, it turned out that over the past three decades, not a single child in such a chair has died in an accident.
As for the cases when a child ended up in a car without a car seat during an accident, the statistics here are extremely sad:
- With a probability of 80% in a collision, he will be injured.
- With a probability of 40-45% he will die.
That is why having a car seat for transporting children is not so much a requirement of the law as a moral obligation of the driver.
Changes to the transportation of children in the front seat of the car were made to the SDA on July 12, 2017. Changes in this regard were significant. If previously a child under 12 years old could not be transported without a car seat, now this can be done, but with certain subtleties and conditions. About how old you can transport a child in the front seat in cars and trucks (including when it comes to a child in the front seat in a Gazelle), what are the nuances of transporting children without a car seat, fastened with regular seat belts, we will understand in article.
Let's talk about everything in order!
At what age can you carry a child in the front seat without a seat?
So, traffic rules regulate 3 periods of the age of children, for each of which their own transportation rules apply. The Rules also separate cars and trucks, and the front and rear rows of seats to indicate the conditions of carriage.
For a quick answer to the question of how old you can transport a child in the front seat, we offer you to take a quick test specifically for your case of transporting children.
Can I carry a child in the front seat - a quick test
1. Are you going to transport a child in a car or truck (including a Gazelle)?
On a car On a truck
2. What is your child's age range?
Less than 7 years old 7-11 years old 12 years old or more
You can transport a child by fastening it with a standard seat belt.
Pass again
You may carry a child, but only in a car seat or other type of child restraint.
Pass again
Let's first give an excerpt from paragraph 22.9 of the SDA, and then in a convenient tabular form we indicate what age and how old a child can be transported in certain cars in a certain place. Just get ready, the quote from the traffic rules is quite long:
22.9. Transportation of children under the age of 7 years in a passenger car and truck cabin, which are designed with seat belts or seat belts and an ISOFIX* child restraint system, must be carried out using child restraint systems (devices) appropriate for the weight and height of the child.
The name of the ISOFIX child restraint system is given in accordance with the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR RS 018/2011 "On the safety of wheeled vehicles".
Transportation of children aged 7 to 11 years (inclusive) in a passenger car and truck cab, which are designed with seat belts or seat belts and an ISOFIX child restraint system, must be carried out using child restraint systems (devices) that are appropriate for the weight and height of the child , or using seat belts, and in the front seat of a car - only using child restraint systems (devices) corresponding to the weight and height of the child. The installation of child restraint systems (devices) in a passenger car and the cab of a truck and the placement of children in them must be carried out in accordance with the operating manual for these systems (devices). It is forbidden to transport children under the age of 12 in the back seat of a motorcycle.
The above rule is quite difficult to understand, and for many it may seem confusing. So let's make it easy to understand! In the diagram below, we give a simple answer to the question of whether it is possible to transport children in certain cars in a child restraint device (CRD) or fastened with standard seat belts, or not at all.
The horizontal rows of the table show the age of the child, the vertical columns show the type of car and the location of the child in the cabin (front or rear) and whether it can be transported in a child restraint or car seat or with a fastened standard seat belt or not.
| Child's age/type and row of car seats | Child under 7 years old | Child from 7 to 12 years old | Child over 12 years old |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front seat of a car | Car seat or DUU 1 | Car seat or remote control | Safety belt |
| Back seat of a car | Car seat or remote control | Safety belt | Safety belt |
| Front seat of a truck | Car seat or remote control | Safety belt | Safety belt |
| Back seat of a truck | Car seat or remote control | Safety belt | Safety belt |
| Rear seat of a motorcycle | Forbidden | Forbidden | Helmet |
As you can see, the main differences are only that in a truck, a child in a car in the front seat can drive with a fastened seat belt from the age of 7, while in a passenger car - only from 12 years.
Is it possible to transport a child in the front seat of a Gazelle?
On the front seat of a Gazelle (canopy, van), where there is no rear row of seats at all, it is also sometimes necessary to put a child. Do you need a car seat for this or can it be fastened with a belt? Indeed, on the one hand, the PTS of the Gazelle indicates that this vehicle belongs to trucks, on the other hand, the car weighs less than 3.5 tons, and almost all traffic rules apply to the Gazelle as a passenger car!
The answer to this question is clear. Traffic rules clearly do not distinguish between trucks and cars in the context of their curb weight of up to 3.5 tons or more. There are requirements either for the mass of the car, or for its type. In paragraph 22.9 of the SDA, it is trucks that are indicated, therefore, the Gazelle in the context of this paragraph refers specifically to trucks.
This means that in the Gazelle a child in the front seat can be transported with a fastened seat belt if he is 7 years old. Moreover, regardless of whether the Gazelle has a rear row of seats ("Farmer" or passenger version) or not.
How will the traffic police inspector determine whether the child is 7 years old or not?
The proof of the age of the child lies on none of the two opposing persons at a certain point in time: the driver and the traffic police officer. And this, one might say, is in the law.
The fact is that the traffic rules clearly prescribe that the driver is obliged to submit for verification to the traffic police inspector: driver's license, STS, OSAGO and other documents in certain cases. There is no birth certificate or other supporting document among them.
If the inspector still requires proof and tells you that in any case he will issue a fine for an unfastened child, and then you already prove whether he has reached the age of 7 or not, then in this case he is wrong. The driver is not obliged to prove his innocence, and any doubts about the innocence of the involved driver must be interpreted in favor of this driver (paragraphs 3 and 4 of Article 1.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses).
What is the fine for an unfastened child?
The Administrative Code does not distinguish between a specific violation, which may be several of the provisions of the above paragraph 22.9 of the SDA. The child may be transported in violation of:
- unfastened seat belt,
- under the age of 7 in the back seat of a car, wearing a seatbelt, while he should be in a child restraint,
- under the age of 12, and in a truck up to 7 years in the front seat, with a fastened seat belt, while it should be in a child restraint,
- up to 12 years old on a motorcycle.
The Code of Administrative Offenses simply has one single article that provides for a fine for any violation of the rules for transporting children:
Article 12.23
3. Violation of the requirements for the transportation of children, established by the Rules of the Road, entails the imposition of an administrative fine on the driver in the amount of three thousand rubles; for officials - twenty-five thousand rubles; for legal entities - one hundred thousand rubles.
Deprivation of rights and evacuation of the car to the impound for violations of the transportation of children is not provided.
Can the inspector prohibit further movement after a fine?
The function of the traffic police is entrusted with ensuring road safety, including the suppression and prevention of violations. And now the situation when you were stopped by a traffic police officer with a child under 12 years old in the front seat, and you are driving in a car, and issued a fine for violation. Logically, he should prohibit you from further movement, because you do not have a car seat or other type of child restraint, respectively, if he lets you go, he will allow a further violation.
By the way, there are no prohibitions on operation, as well as a day or any other time to eliminate violations in the traffic legislation for 2020. However, any procedural actions, including the prohibition of further movement, the detention of a vehicle, and others, are directly prescribed in the administrative code with certain grounds. If something is not spelled out, then the traffic police inspector cannot generate a "gag" - this is expressly forbidden to him by Article 6 of the Federal Law "On Police":
Article 6. Legality.
1. The police carry out their activities in strict accordance with the law.
2. Any restriction of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens, as well as the rights and legitimate interests of public associations, organizations and officials admissible only on the grounds and in the manner provided for by federal law.
In this case, no Russian federal law stipulates the obligation or even the ability of the inspector to stop the violation by sending the driver to buy a car seat and only on this condition releasing him into further movement.
However, it is pointless to argue about the safety of child seats, comparing them with a standard seat belt fastened to a child, and it is completely pointless to make excuses for careful driving - you are not alone on the road and cannot influence other drivers. A quality car seat costs as much as two or three fines for not having one. But most importantly, always remember, no matter how rude and cynical it may sound, that the cost of a baby coffin is always higher than the price of a good certified car seat. Think about it! Especially if you make excuses "only once" for transporting a child, because children are also buried only once.
From January 1, 2017, changes in the rules for transporting children come into force. We deal with each of the changes with our expert Alexander Starostin.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs has prepared a draft of changes to the traffic rules, which will simplify the rules for transporting children in a car. The draft amendments are posted on the website.
According to the draft amendments to the SDA, the following innovations are planned regarding the rules for transporting children:
22.9. Transportation of children aged 7 to 11 years in a passenger car and truck cab, which design provides for seat belts, must be carried out using child restraint systems appropriate for the weight and height of the child, or using seat belts, and in the front seat of a car - only using child restraint systems appropriate for the weight and height of the child. It is forbidden to transport children under the age of 12 in the back seat of a motorcycle.
What does this mean and how to deal with it? We understand.
A new concept of "child restraint system corresponding to the weight and height of the child" is introduced. Children under 7 years old can now be transported in the back seat of a car only with its help.
A clear description of what a "child restraint system appropriate for the weight and height of the child" is has not yet been given, but it is obvious that it means a child car seat. At the moment, clause 22.9 of the SDA is in force, according to which children under 12 years of age in the back seat must be transported using "child restraints appropriate for the weight and height of the child, or other means that allow the child to be fastened using seat belts." These “other aids”, which are excluded from paragraph 22.9 of the draft amendments, include boosters, adapters, pads, cushions, etc.
“Transport babies up to 7 years only in car seats! Boosters and other devices are a cheap alternative to avoid punishment,- said "Healthy Children" an expert on the safety of motorsport competitions, a lifeguard. — Since the Rules do not clearly state what the restraint should be, negligent parent drivers, in order to circumvent the law and not receive fines from traffic police inspectors, resort to using any “other means”, up to home pillows and the Soviet Encyclopedia. Entrepreneurial people began to call a cloth with two buttons an adapter or a holding device, referring to only one parameter - that the belt should not pass through the child's neck(adapters are devices that allow you to change the geometry of the passage of a regular car seat belt through the body of a child - approx. Artem Magidovich)».
It is worth adding that Rosstandart initiated changes to European rules that prohibit certification and, as a result, the official sale of seat belt adapters, reports. The use of boosters, the department proposes to allow only children taller than 125 cm.
“When using the “booster plus a child’s height of 125 cm” scheme, the car’s regular seat belt will properly hold the child, his body will fall exactly into those zones that are considered as safe as possible and are designed to preserve vital functions - these are safety zones for the shoulder girdle and head. Adapters do not work in dynamics as manufacturers would like. In a static state, they allow you to change the geometry of the seat belt, and under real loads, as a rule, they work to failure, and everything does not go according to the scenario we would like.”
Children over 7 years old will be allowed to be transported in the back seat without a car seat, using the car's regular seat belts, and in the front seat - only using " child restraint systems appropriate for the weight and height of the child.
Alexander Starostin: “This is the closest to reality, because few people carry schoolchildren in car seats. This is normal, because at the age of 7, children are usually of such a size that they do not feel very comfortable in a car seat. Usually at this age they already fall into standard sizes under the belts and under the seats, which are provided by the manufacturer. According to statistics in frontal collisions, the front of the car is subjected to more overloads than the rear. Therefore, the seat in the back seat will be safer for the child.”
It will now be possible for children to ride in the front seat without auxiliary restraints from the age of 11, and not from 12, as was the case before.
Alexander Starostin: “It all depends on the individual characteristics of the development of the child. Such standards are a kind of average balance. In each case, it is better for parents to decide for themselves whether the child should ride in front without a car seat. It is clear that children want to sit forward as soon as possible and feel like an adult. It is also necessary to take into account that the sizes of seats and interior differ in cars of different classes.
"It is forbidden to leave a child under the age of 7 in the vehicle while it is parked in the absence of an adult." For this violation, it is proposed to impose a fine of 500 rubles.
Alexander Starostin: "Agree. The main problem here is the emotional state of the child and the temperature regime. Children, as a rule, begin to overheat in the car, dehydration occurs, the threat of heat stroke. If the car is started, the child can get over to the controls and mess things up. In addition, there were cases in our country and in Europe when tinted cars with a child in the cabin were taken away on tow trucks, which also led to negative consequences for the health of children.”
The safety of a child is important to every parent. The huge accident rate on the roads forced the authorities to introduce mandatory seats for transporting children in cars. The requirement for babies to be in special restraints was introduced into the traffic rules almost 10 years ago and is still valid today. Traffic police officers strictly monitor the implementation of this condition by drivers.
Parents who ignore the rules for transporting a child are fined for not having a child seat.
Why is driving without a child seat prohibited?
Carrying a child in a car seat is primarily due to the increase in the safety of a small passenger when driving a car.
Until the baby reaches the age of twelve and definitely growth, it should not be fastened with ordinary belts. The fact is that in children, the belts are not in the chest area, as it should be, but on the neck. Because of this, in the event of an accident, a child can receive serious damage to the cervical vertebrae, even with a slight impact.
Giving up belts is also not an option. The consequences of crash tests show very terrible results of accidents in relation to children not fixed in the car. Most often, the baby is simply thrown out of the car.
It is also forbidden to transfer children on their knees, since during an accident a child can simply be crushed by the body of an adult passenger. You can avoid all these terrible consequences by following the rules for transporting a child and using a special car seat.
Fine for not having a child seat
For a long time, transporting a child outside of a child seat was equated with driving with seat belts not fastened. The fine for driving without a child seat was small - only 500 rubles. Only three years ago, a penalty was introduced into the Code of Administrative Offenses for the absence of a child restraint in the car.
According to part 3 of article 12.23 of the Administrative Code the fine for a child seat is:
- for individuals 3000 rubles;
- the official will pay 25,000 rubles;
- a fine for transporting children without a chair for organizations is 100,000 rubles.
Punishment is provided not just for transporting a child without a seat, but for non-compliance with clause 22.9 of the Rules of the Road. This paragraph contains the following conditions:
- Children under 12 years old must be carried in an extra seat in the front or back seat of the car;
- The chair must be suitable for the height and weight of the child:
- It is forbidden to ride a motorcycle with a child under 12 in the back seat;
- It is allowed to fasten children with seat belts while using special devices, but only in the back seat.
Separately, you need to dwell on the last point, which allows the absence of a child seat in the car. We are talking about adapters that allow you to fasten the seat belt in such a way that it will be on the chest of the child like an adult passenger.
There are also special pillows that make it possible to put the child higher. Such devices must comply with GOST, they are used for older children, when the chair is already getting small.
Traffic police requirements for a child seat
Child seats are divided into five conditional groups depending on the age and weight of the child. For the greatest safety of the baby when traveling by car, it is recommended to transport it in a restraint of a suitable category.
- Category 0 Designed for infants weighing up to 10 kg. As a rule, these are children under one year old. The chair of this category looks like a cradle from a stroller with additional protection for the baby's head. The child in it is located lying down and fixed with wide straps. The seat itself is placed sideways to the direction of travel, which is a disadvantage in a frontal impact.
- Seat category 0+ made in the form of a cocoon, the child is reclining in them. The devices are used for children weighing up to 13 kg. Modern chairs are installed in the cabin against the direction of travel, this reduces the load on the baby's cervical vertebrae in the event of an accident.
- Category 1. It looks like a full-fledged chair, fixed in the direction of travel. Children up to four years old, weighing no more than 18 kg, ride in such devices.
- In category 2 seats it is allowed to transfer children from three to seven years old (weight 15-25 kg.). A distinctive feature of this device is the height-adjustable backrest.
- Seat category №3 looks like a pillow without lateral support. It can be used from the age of seven if the child weighs more than 22 kg.
In addition, there are universal chairs on the market that combine several categories at once. However, they have a lower degree of security compared to narrowly targeted devices.
It is impossible to make an unambiguous conclusion about the prohibition of certain types of restraint systems or devices; in accordance with the traffic rules, they must comply with the requirements; the Rules do not contain direct prohibitions. What regulations apply to airbags? Lawyers are often asked whether it is possible to put a car seat in the front seat according to traffic rules in 2018 with active airbags. We answer - the rules do not regulate this issue, therefore, it is necessary to be guided by the recommendations of the manufacturer. And most child car seat operating instructions prohibit the use of the product in the front seat with an active airbag. However, there may be exceptions, in some cases the manufacturer allows you to move the seat away from the front panel of the car.
Child car seats: rules for transporting children from January 1, 2018
Authorized persons of the traffic police in most cases carry out preventive measures with the names "a young child in a vehicle" - traffic police officers are located in the morning near preschool or school institutions, and inspect all cars. When is it possible to transfer children to the front seat In accordance with the norms of Russian legislation, young children can be in the front seat while the vehicle is moving only in a special car seat.
And until the age of 12. After this age, transportation of minor children is carried out on a general basis.
Rules and requirements for transporting children in a car
The minimum amount of punishment is 500 rubles and it is due for violation of the procedure for moving passengers. At the same time, closing a child in a car alone can be quite calmly interpreted as a violation of the rules for transporting children.
And in this case, the issue price is already 3,000 rubles. Paragraphs of the rules of the road for the carriage of children Rules for the carriage of children are described in the following paragraphs: 22.2 - transportation in the body 22.6 - organized transportation of children 22.9 - special requirements for the transportation of children.
It is paragraph 22.9 from July 12, 2017 that is fully set out in the new edition. On July 12, 2017, a new paragraph appeared in clause 12.8 - leaving a child in a car.
22.2. The carriage of people in the body of a flatbed truck is permitted if it is equipped in accordance with the Basic Regulations, while the carriage of children is not allowed. 22.6.
Rules for transporting children in a car from 2018
Such means of transporting children as pads (adapters) for seat belts, boosters (armchairs without handles and backs), as well as frameless (soft) car seats, have gone out of use. Carrying children under 7 in the back seat Children under one year of age should only be transported in the car in a special infant carrier with special rear seat attachment systems.
Important
It is as safe as possible for the child, and besides, it is convenient to use it as a regular carrier. In the infant car seat, nothing interferes with the movements of the child and he has enough space.
When driving, it faces towards the rear of the car, which ensures the greatest safety in the event of a collision. Car seats weigh an average of 10 to 15 kg and are ideal for small children, they do not restrict their breathing, but they take up quite a lot of space.
At what age can a child drive without a car seat?
The last one was July 12, 2017. Then amendments to the traffic rules came into force, which define new rules for transporting children in a car. The rules have become stricter. Some devices that were previously allowed in place of a car seat* can no longer be used.
In addition, a line was removed from the text of the SDA that allowed the use of "other means to fasten a child using seat belts provided for by the design of the vehicle." That is, earlier it was possible to replace the car seat with a simple fabric overlay on the seat belt.
From July 12, 2017, according to the new Rules for the transportation of children, there is a division into two age groups: - under 7 years old; - from 7 to 12 years. Transportation of children from 0 to 7 years old For the transportation of babies up to a year old, the use of an infant carrier is recommended.
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Transportation of children aged 7 to 11 years (inclusive) in a passenger car and a truck cab, which are designed with seat belts or seat belts and an ISOFIX child restraint system, must be carried out using child restraint systems (devices) that are appropriate for the weight and height of the child , or using seat belts, and in the front seat of a car - only using child restraint systems (devices) appropriate for the weight and height of the child. The installation of child restraint systems (devices) in a passenger car and the cab of a truck and the placement of children in them must be carried out in accordance with the operating manual for these systems (devices).
It is forbidden to leave a child under the age of 7 in the vehicle while it is parked in the absence of an adult.
Child seat up to what age: traffic rules 2018
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It will be enough to fasten them with regular seat belts. And, here in the front seat of the vehicle, the child must be in a car seat, which must correspond to the weight and height of the child.
Attention
Also, you cannot transport a child under 12 years old in the back seat of a motorcycle. If the child is not fastened - a fine of 3000 rubles.
If a small passenger is transported in the front seat without using a car seat - a fine of 3,000 rubles. Transportation of children over 12 years of age To transport this group of children, drivers do not have to use car seats and other devices. However, fastening them with seat belts is a must. If the child is not fastened - a fine of 3000 rubles. Leaving a child in a car Children under the age of seven should not be left in a car without adult supervision.
What is regulated
- In case of ignoring the rules for transporting young children, drivers are brought to administrative responsibility on the basis of Article 12.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
- The traffic rules regulate the procedure for transporting young children in any type of vehicle.
- It is recommended that you familiarize yourself with clause 22.9 of the SDA, since it reflects the features of transporting children in the back seat of the vehicle.
Seat requirement A car seat is a specialized device whose main purpose is to transport young children. At the same time, the main task is to ensure the safety of the child when various traffic accidents occur, in particular when using emergency braking. The presence of a special device is considered a key requirement of Russian legislation.
According to the changed rules, they must go to the checkout together, and you can imagine what it will be like, for example, in winter. In addition, if there are two or three children under seven years old. An even more amusing incident is that, leaving the car, you will not be able to leave your young child, say, with a 17-year-old daughter, because the age of majority in Russia comes from the age of 18.
And what about the sanctions? The size of the fine for transporting children without car seats (according to the above rules), fortunately, has not changed yet. But even now it is quite tangible - 3 thousand rubles (part 3 of Art.
12.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation). Violation of the ban on leaving minors alone in a car will fall under the sanction of Article 12.19 of the Code of Administrative Offenses and will cost the violator 500 rubles. Although it will be possible to get off with a simple warning.
It is forbidden to transport bulky goods in the car with a child. Sometimes even personal items during an accident can harm a child if they are not properly secured with straps;
- Do not forget to take all the necessary medical supplies with you on the road with your child.
This is not only about a standard car first aid kit, but also about a wide variety of ointments, pills and medical instruments that may be needed in case of unforeseen situations;
- According to the new rules in 2018, the use of child seats and infant carriers is necessary only in cars and trucks. A number of clauses were removed from the traffic rules that obligated drivers to use child restraint seats for transporting children on mopeds, motorcycles, tractors and other non-standard vehicles;
- Never leave a child alone in a car, even for a short time.
Then amendments to the traffic rules came into force, which define new rules for transporting children in a car. The rules have become stricter. Some devices that were previously allowed in place of a car seat* can no longer be used. In addition, a line was removed from the text of the SDA that allowed the use of "other means to fasten a child using seat belts provided for by the design of the vehicle." That is, earlier it was possible to replace the car seat with a simple fabric overlay on the seat belt. From July 12, 2017, according to the new Rules for the carriage of children, there is a division into two age groups: - under 7 years old; - from 7 to 12 years old.